debug

This removes a silent assumption about the input meshes and moves the branching from submeshes() to complete_mesh()

Cargo.lock

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e89da841a80418a9b391ebaea17f5c112ffaaa96f621d2c285b5174da76b9011"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "getrandom 0.2.15",
+ "getrandom 0.2.16",
  "once_cell",
  "version_check",
  "zerocopy 0.7.35",
@@ -360,9 +360,9 @@ checksum = "6099cdc01846bc367c4e7dd630dc5966dccf36b652fae7a74e17b640411a91b2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "blake3"
-version = "1.8.1"
+version = "1.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "389a099b34312839e16420d499a9cad9650541715937ffbdd40d36f49e77eeb3"
+checksum = "3888aaa89e4b2a40fca9848e400f6a658a5a3978de7be858e209cafa8be9a4a0"
 dependencies = [
  "arrayref",
  "arrayvec",
@@ -559,9 +559,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.5.36"
+version = "4.5.37"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2df961d8c8a0d08aa9945718ccf584145eee3f3aa06cddbeac12933781102e04"
+checksum = "eccb054f56cbd38340b380d4a8e69ef1f02f1af43db2f0cc817a4774d80ae071"
 dependencies = [
  "clap_builder",
  "clap_derive",
@@ -569,9 +569,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_builder"
-version = "4.5.36"
+version = "4.5.37"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "132dbda40fb6753878316a489d5a1242a8ef2f0d9e47ba01c951ea8aa7d013a5"
+checksum = "efd9466fac8543255d3b1fcad4762c5e116ffe808c8a3043d4263cd4fd4862a2"
 dependencies = [
  "anstream",
  "anstyle",
@@ -1094,9 +1094,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.2.15"
+version = "0.2.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4567c8db10ae91089c99af84c68c38da3ec2f087c3f82960bcdbf3656b6f4d7"
+checksum = "335ff9f135e4384c8150d6f27c6daed433577f86b4750418338c01a1a2528592"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "log",
  "wasm-bindgen",
- "windows-core",
+ "windows-core 0.61.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1843,14 +1843,14 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fc2f4eb4bc735547cfed7c0a4922cbd04a4655978c09b54f1f7b228750664c34"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "windows-targets 0.48.5",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libm"
-version = "0.2.11"
+version = "0.2.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8355be11b20d696c8f18f6cc018c4e372165b1fa8126cef092399c9951984ffa"
+checksum = "c9627da5196e5d8ed0b0495e61e518847578da83483c37288316d9b2e03a7f72"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libredox"
@@ -2900,9 +2900,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.94"
+version = "1.0.95"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a31971752e70b8b2686d7e46ec17fb38dad4051d94024c88df49b667caea9c84"
+checksum = "02b3e5e68a3a1a02aad3ec490a98007cbc13c37cbe84a3cd7b8e406d76e7f778"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -2992,7 +2992,7 @@ version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.2.15",
+ "getrandom 0.2.16",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3098,9 +3098,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rbx_binary"
-version = "1.1.0-sn3"
+version = "1.1.0-sn4"
 source = "sparse+https://git.itzana.me/api/packages/strafesnet/cargo/"
-checksum = "f3f4cd69381a3631e117ee9542f5f8d9a2ab3b5dd8c7bdc7eb1680cc805233bc"
+checksum = "dc304e66f18316b8ee8729cec639528c9c5182aacbef1f8967619bd8b2363be4"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "log",
@@ -3115,11 +3115,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rbx_dom_weak"
-version = "3.1.0-sn1"
+version = "3.1.0-sn4"
 source = "sparse+https://git.itzana.me/api/packages/strafesnet/cargo/"
-checksum = "c449e42d26c5af9d50e036219513e7a3e3bd0bc31fa32b74b82d9d4d481d74a5"
+checksum = "5fcb44ffa83385055a42e5e499be3a4cce04b2ceb9af2b9825f70dcc4d2578ce"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
+ "mlua",
  "rbx_types",
  "serde",
  "ustr",
@@ -3148,9 +3149,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rbx_reflection_database"
-version = "1.0.1+roblox-666"
+version = "1.0.2+roblox-670"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1ea11f26cfddc57a136781baed2e68eda5a3aa0735152d1562d65b1909c8d65d"
+checksum = "5349b19e5e94fbcaba7a52175263ab64011e0a13f17ff57729f2f560ccdec615"
 dependencies = [
  "lazy_static",
  "rbx_reflection",
@@ -3175,9 +3176,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rbx_xml"
-version = "1.1.0-sn3"
+version = "1.1.0-sn4"
 source = "sparse+https://git.itzana.me/api/packages/strafesnet/cargo/"
-checksum = "ce7d7ec62a3dc88179a61efa4827c36887a1b2bcbc258aec58de0c5149c565eb"
+checksum = "08750f2f23366cda4a71d05c11c40b55bfeccd4bbc22037264b510c90809f7bd"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "base64 0.13.1",
@@ -3228,7 +3229,7 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dd6f9d3d47bdd2ad6945c5015a226ec6155d0bcdfd8f7cd29f86b71f8de99d2b"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.2.15",
+ "getrandom 0.2.16",
  "libredox",
  "thiserror 2.0.12",
 ]
@@ -3333,7 +3334,7 @@ checksum = "a4689e6c2294d81e88dc6261c768b63bc4fcdb852be6d1352498b114f61383b7"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "cfg-if",
- "getrandom 0.2.15",
+ "getrandom 0.2.16",
  "libc",
  "untrusted",
  "windows-sys 0.52.0",
@@ -3363,7 +3364,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "roblox_emulator"
-version = "0.4.7"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "glam",
  "mlua",
@@ -4152,9 +4153,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-util"
-version = "0.7.14"
+version = "0.7.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6b9590b93e6fcc1739458317cccd391ad3955e2bde8913edf6f95f9e65a8f034"
+checksum = "66a539a9ad6d5d281510d5bd368c973d636c02dbf8a67300bfb6b950696ad7df"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures-core",
@@ -4358,9 +4359,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vbsp"
-version = "0.8.2"
+version = "0.9.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "75944cc43c7d4ebcb3bd97a875b4f3307d79328de16f8dcd57745cba926b784b"
+checksum = "fdab0507169ff47ea95acab2d08d91c7a31455e272b134879757d19c87075cb1"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "arrayvec",
@@ -4870,7 +4871,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "web-sys",
  "wgpu-types",
  "windows",
- "windows-core",
+ "windows-core 0.58.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4902,7 +4903,7 @@ version = "0.58.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dd04d41d93c4992d421894c18c8b43496aa748dd4c081bac0dc93eb0489272b6"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-core",
+ "windows-core 0.58.0",
  "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
@@ -4912,13 +4913,26 @@ version = "0.58.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6ba6d44ec8c2591c134257ce647b7ea6b20335bf6379a27dac5f1641fcf59f99"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-implement",
- "windows-interface",
+ "windows-implement 0.58.0",
+ "windows-interface 0.58.0",
  "windows-result 0.2.0",
  "windows-strings 0.1.0",
  "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-core"
+version = "0.61.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4763c1de310c86d75a878046489e2e5ba02c649d185f21c67d4cf8a56d098980"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-implement 0.60.0",
+ "windows-interface 0.59.1",
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-result 0.3.2",
+ "windows-strings 0.4.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-implement"
 version = "0.58.0"
@@ -4930,6 +4944,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.100",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-implement"
+version = "0.60.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a47fddd13af08290e67f4acabf4b459f647552718f683a7b415d290ac744a836"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.100",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-interface"
 version = "0.58.0"
@@ -4941,6 +4966,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.100",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-interface"
+version = "0.59.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bd9211b69f8dcdfa817bfd14bf1c97c9188afa36f4750130fcdf3f400eca9fa8"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.100",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
 version = "0.1.1"
@@ -4995,6 +5031,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-strings"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7a2ba9642430ee452d5a7aa78d72907ebe8cfda358e8cb7918a2050581322f97"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.45.0"

engine/physics/src/face_crawler.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-use crate::model::{GigaTime,FEV,MeshQuery,DirectedEdge};
+use crate::model::{into_giga_time,GigaTime,FEV,MeshQuery,DirectedEdge};
 use strafesnet_common::integer::{Fixed,Ratio,vec3::Vector3};
 use crate::physics::{Time,Body};
 
+use core::ops::Bound;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
 enum Transition<M:MeshQuery>{
 	Miss,
 	Next(FEV<M>,GigaTime),
@@ -27,17 +30,60 @@ impl<M:MeshQuery> CrawlResult<M>{
 	}
 }
 
+// TODO: move predict_collision_face_out algorithm in here or something
+
+/// check_lower_bound
+pub fn low<LhsNum,LhsDen,RhsNum,RhsDen,T>(lower_bound:&Bound<Ratio<LhsNum,LhsDen>>,dt:&Ratio<RhsNum,RhsDen>)->bool
+where
+	RhsNum:Copy,
+	RhsDen:Copy,
+	LhsNum:Copy,
+	LhsDen:Copy,
+	LhsDen:strafesnet_common::integer::Parity,
+	RhsDen:strafesnet_common::integer::Parity,
+	LhsNum:core::ops::Mul<RhsDen,Output=T>,
+	LhsDen:core::ops::Mul<RhsNum,Output=T>,
+	T:Ord+Copy,
+{
+	match lower_bound{
+		Bound::Included(time)=>time.le_ratio(*dt),
+		Bound::Excluded(time)=>time.lt_ratio(*dt),
+		Bound::Unbounded=>true,
+	}
+}
+/// check_upper_bound
+pub fn upp<LhsNum,LhsDen,RhsNum,RhsDen,T>(dt:&Ratio<LhsNum,LhsDen>,upper_bound:&Bound<Ratio<RhsNum,RhsDen>>)->bool
+where
+	RhsNum:Copy,
+	RhsDen:Copy,
+	LhsNum:Copy,
+	LhsDen:Copy,
+	LhsDen:strafesnet_common::integer::Parity,
+	RhsDen:strafesnet_common::integer::Parity,
+	LhsNum:core::ops::Mul<RhsDen,Output=T>,
+	LhsDen:core::ops::Mul<RhsNum,Output=T>,
+	T:Ord+Copy,
+{
+	match upper_bound{
+		Bound::Included(time)=>dt.le_ratio(*time),
+		Bound::Excluded(time)=>dt.lt_ratio(*time),
+		Bound::Unbounded=>true,
+	}
+}
+
 impl<F:Copy,M:MeshQuery<Normal=Vector3<F>,Offset=Fixed<4,128>>> FEV<M>
 	where
 		// This is hardcoded for MinkowskiMesh lol
 		M::Face:Copy,
 		M::Edge:Copy,
 		M::Vert:Copy,
+		M:std::fmt::Debug,
+		F:std::fmt::Display,
 		F:core::ops::Mul<Fixed<1,32>,Output=Fixed<4,128>>,
 		<F as core::ops::Mul<Fixed<1,32>>>::Output:core::iter::Sum,
-		<M as MeshQuery>::Offset:core::ops::Sub<<F as std::ops::Mul<Fixed<1,32>>>::Output>,
+		M::Offset:core::ops::Sub<<F as std::ops::Mul<Fixed<1,32>>>::Output>,
 {
-	fn next_transition(&self,body_time:GigaTime,mesh:&M,body:&Body,mut best_time:GigaTime)->Transition<M>{
+	fn next_transition(&self,mesh:&M,body:&Body,lower_bound:Bound<GigaTime>,mut upper_bound:Bound<GigaTime>)->Transition<M>{
 		//conflicting derivative means it crosses in the wrong direction.
 		//if the transition time is equal to an already tested transition, do not replace the current best.
 		let mut best_transition=Transition::Miss;
@@ -47,11 +93,16 @@ impl<F:Copy,M:MeshQuery<Normal=Vector3<F>,Offset=Fixed<4,128>>> FEV<M>
 				//n=face.normal d=face.dot
 				//n.a t^2+n.v t+n.p-d==0
 				let (n,d)=mesh.face_nd(face_id);
+				println!("Face n={} d={}",n,d);
 				//TODO: use higher precision d value?
 				//use the mesh transform translation instead of baking it into the d value.
 				for dt in Fixed::<4,128>::zeroes2((n.dot(body.position)-d)*2,n.dot(body.velocity)*2,n.dot(body.acceleration)){
-					if body_time.le_ratio(dt)&&dt.lt_ratio(best_time)&&n.dot(body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative(){
-						best_time=dt;
+					let low=low(&lower_bound,&dt);
+					let upp=upp(&dt,&upper_bound);
+					let into=n.dot(body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative();
+					println!("dt={} low={low} upp={upp} into={into}",dt.divide());
+					if low&&upp&&into{
+						upper_bound=Bound::Included(dt);
 						best_transition=Transition::Hit(face_id,dt);
 						break;
 					}
@@ -65,8 +116,8 @@ impl<F:Copy,M:MeshQuery<Normal=Vector3<F>,Offset=Fixed<4,128>>> FEV<M>
 					//WARNING: precision is swept under the rug!
 					//wrap for speed
 					for dt in Fixed::<4,128>::zeroes2(n.dot(body.position*2-(mesh.vert(v0)+mesh.vert(v1))).wrap_4(),n.dot(body.velocity).wrap_4()*2,n.dot(body.acceleration).wrap_4()){
-						if body_time.le_ratio(dt)&&dt.lt_ratio(best_time)&&n.dot(body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative(){
-							best_time=dt;
+						if low(&lower_bound,&dt)&&upp(&dt,&upper_bound)&&n.dot(body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative(){
+							upper_bound=Bound::Included(dt);
 							best_transition=Transition::Next(FEV::Edge(directed_edge_id.as_undirected()),dt);
 							break;
 						}
@@ -84,11 +135,17 @@ impl<F:Copy,M:MeshQuery<Normal=Vector3<F>,Offset=Fixed<4,128>>> FEV<M>
 					let face_n=mesh.face_nd(edge_face_id).0;
 					//edge_n gets parity from the order of edge_faces
 					let n=face_n.cross(edge_n)*((i as i64)*2-1);
+					let d=n.dot(delta_pos).wrap_4();
+					println!("Edge Face={:?} boundary_n={} boundary_d={}",edge_face_id,n,d>>1);
 					//WARNING yada yada d *2
 					//wrap for speed
-					for dt in Fixed::<4,128>::zeroes2(n.dot(delta_pos).wrap_4(),n.dot(body.velocity).wrap_4()*2,n.dot(body.acceleration).wrap_4()){
-						if body_time.le_ratio(dt)&&dt.lt_ratio(best_time)&&n.dot(body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative(){
-							best_time=dt;
+					for dt in Fixed::<4,128>::zeroes2(d,n.dot(body.velocity).wrap_4()*2,n.dot(body.acceleration).wrap_4()){
+						let low=low(&lower_bound,&dt);
+						let upp=upp(&dt,&upper_bound);
+						let into=n.dot(body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative();
+						println!("dt={} low={low} upp={upp} into={into}",dt.divide());
+						if low&&upp&&into{
+							upper_bound=Bound::Included(dt);
 							best_transition=Transition::Next(FEV::Face(edge_face_id),dt);
 							break;
 						}
@@ -99,9 +156,9 @@ impl<F:Copy,M:MeshQuery<Normal=Vector3<F>,Offset=Fixed<4,128>>> FEV<M>
 					//vertex normal gets parity from vert index
 					let n=edge_n*(1-2*(i as i64));
 					for dt in Fixed::<2,64>::zeroes2((n.dot(body.position-mesh.vert(vert_id)))*2,n.dot(body.velocity)*2,n.dot(body.acceleration)){
-						if body_time.le_ratio(dt)&&dt.lt_ratio(best_time)&&n.dot(body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative(){
+						if low(&lower_bound,&dt)&&upp(&dt,&upper_bound)&&n.dot(body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative(){
 							let dt=Ratio::new(dt.num.widen_4(),dt.den.widen_4());
-							best_time=dt;
+							upper_bound=Bound::Included(dt);
 							best_transition=Transition::Next(FEV::Vert(vert_id),dt);
 							break;
 						}
@@ -115,9 +172,9 @@ impl<F:Copy,M:MeshQuery<Normal=Vector3<F>,Offset=Fixed<4,128>>> FEV<M>
 					//edge is directed away from vertex, but we want the dot product to turn out negative
 					let n=-mesh.directed_edge_n(directed_edge_id);
 					for dt in Fixed::<2,64>::zeroes2((n.dot(body.position-mesh.vert(vert_id)))*2,n.dot(body.velocity)*2,n.dot(body.acceleration)){
-						if body_time.le_ratio(dt)&&dt.lt_ratio(best_time)&&n.dot(body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative(){
+						if low(&lower_bound,&dt)&&upp(&dt,&upper_bound)&&n.dot(body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative(){
 							let dt=Ratio::new(dt.num.widen_4(),dt.den.widen_4());
-							best_time=dt;
+							upper_bound=Bound::Included(dt);
 							best_transition=Transition::Next(FEV::Edge(directed_edge_id.as_undirected()),dt);
 							break;
 						}
@@ -128,19 +185,16 @@ impl<F:Copy,M:MeshQuery<Normal=Vector3<F>,Offset=Fixed<4,128>>> FEV<M>
 		}
 		best_transition
 	}
-	pub fn crawl(mut self,mesh:&M,relative_body:&Body,start_time:Time,time_limit:Time)->CrawlResult<M>{
-		let mut body_time={
-			let r=(start_time-relative_body.time).to_ratio();
-			Ratio::new(r.num.widen_4(),r.den.widen_4())
-		};
-		let time_limit={
-			let r=(time_limit-relative_body.time).to_ratio();
-			Ratio::new(r.num.widen_4(),r.den.widen_4())
-		};
+	pub fn crawl(mut self,mesh:&M,relative_body:&Body,lower_bound:Bound<&Time>,upper_bound:Bound<&Time>)->CrawlResult<M>{
+		let mut lower_bound=lower_bound.map(|&t|into_giga_time(t,relative_body.time));
+		let upper_bound=upper_bound.map(|&t|into_giga_time(t,relative_body.time));
+		println!("crawl begin={self:?}");
 		for _ in 0..20{
-			match self.next_transition(body_time,mesh,relative_body,time_limit){
+			let transition=self.next_transition(mesh,relative_body,lower_bound,upper_bound);
+			println!("transition={transition:?}");
+			match transition{
 				Transition::Miss=>return CrawlResult::Miss(self),
-				Transition::Next(next_fev,next_time)=>(self,body_time)=(next_fev,next_time),
+				Transition::Next(next_fev,next_time)=>(self,lower_bound)=(next_fev,Bound::Included(next_time)),
 				Transition::Hit(face,time)=>return CrawlResult::Hit(face,time),
 			}
 		}

engine/physics/src/model.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use std::collections::{HashSet,HashMap};
-use core::ops::Range;
+use core::ops::{Bound,RangeBounds};
 use strafesnet_common::integer::vec3::Vector3;
 use strafesnet_common::model::{self,MeshId,PolygonIter};
 use strafesnet_common::integer::{self,vec3,Fixed,Planar64,Planar64Vec3,Ratio};
@@ -68,16 +68,17 @@ pub enum FEV<M:MeshQuery>{
 }
 
 //use Unit32 #[repr(C)] for map files
-#[derive(Clone,Hash,Eq,PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone,Copy,Debug,Hash,Eq,PartialEq)]
 struct Face{
 	normal:Planar64Vec3,
 	dot:Planar64,
 }
+#[derive(Debug)]
 struct Vert(Planar64Vec3);
 pub trait MeshQuery{
-	type Face:Copy;
-	type Edge:Copy+DirectedEdge;
-	type Vert:Copy;
+	type Face:Copy+std::fmt::Debug;
+	type Edge:Copy+DirectedEdge+std::fmt::Debug;
+	type Vert:Copy+std::fmt::Debug;
 	// Vertex must be Planar64Vec3 because it represents an actual position
 	type Normal;
 	type Offset;
@@ -97,18 +98,22 @@ pub trait MeshQuery{
 	fn vert_edges(&self,vert_id:Self::Vert)->impl AsRef<[Self::Edge]>;
 	fn vert_faces(&self,vert_id:Self::Vert)->impl AsRef<[Self::Face]>;
 }
+#[derive(Debug)]
 struct FaceRefs{
 	edges:Vec<SubmeshDirectedEdgeId>,
 	//verts:Vec<VertId>,
 }
+#[derive(Debug)]
 struct EdgeRefs{
 	faces:[SubmeshFaceId;2],//left, right
 	verts:[SubmeshVertId;2],//bottom, top
 }
+#[derive(Debug)]
 struct VertRefs{
 	faces:Vec<SubmeshFaceId>,
 	edges:Vec<SubmeshDirectedEdgeId>,
 }
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct PhysicsMeshData{
 	//this contains all real and virtual faces used in both the complete mesh and convex submeshes
 	//faces are sorted such that all faces that belong to the complete mesh appear first, and then
@@ -118,6 +123,7 @@ pub struct PhysicsMeshData{
 	faces:Vec<Face>,//MeshFaceId indexes this list
 	verts:Vec<Vert>,//MeshVertId indexes this list
 }
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct PhysicsMeshTopology{
 	//mapping of local ids to PhysicsMeshData ids
 	faces:Vec<MeshFaceId>,//SubmeshFaceId indexes this list
@@ -143,10 +149,12 @@ impl From<MeshId> for PhysicsMeshId{
 pub struct PhysicsSubmeshId(u32);
 pub struct PhysicsMesh{
 	data:PhysicsMeshData,
-	complete_mesh:PhysicsMeshTopology,
-	//Most objects in roblox maps are already convex, so the list length is 0
-	//as soon as the mesh is divided into 2 submeshes, the list length jumps to 2.
-	//length 1 is unnecessary since the complete mesh would be a duplicate of the only submesh, but would still function properly
+	// The complete mesh is unused at this time.
+	// complete_mesh:PhysicsMeshTopology,
+	// Submeshes are guaranteed to be convex and may contain
+	// "virtual" faces which are not part of the complete mesh.
+	// Physics calculations should never resolve to hitting
+	// a virtual face.
 	submeshes:Vec<PhysicsMeshTopology>,
 }
 impl PhysicsMesh{
@@ -210,19 +218,24 @@ impl PhysicsMesh{
 		};
 		Self{
 			data,
-			complete_mesh:mesh_topology,
-			submeshes:Vec::new(),
+			// complete_mesh:mesh_topology.clone(),
+			submeshes:vec![mesh_topology],
 		}
 	}
 	pub fn unit_cylinder()->Self{
 		Self::unit_cube()
 	}
 	#[inline]
-	pub const fn complete_mesh(&self)->&PhysicsMeshTopology{
-		&self.complete_mesh
+	pub fn complete_mesh(&self)->&PhysicsMeshTopology{
+		// If there is exactly one submesh, then the complete mesh is identical to it.
+		if self.submeshes.len()==1{
+			self.submeshes.first().unwrap()
+		}else{
+			panic!("PhysicsMesh complete mesh is not known");
+		}
 	}
 	#[inline]
-	pub const fn complete_mesh_view(&self)->PhysicsMeshView{
+	pub fn complete_mesh_view(&self)->PhysicsMeshView{
 		PhysicsMeshView{
 			data:&self.data,
 			topology:self.complete_mesh(),
@@ -230,12 +243,7 @@ impl PhysicsMesh{
 	}
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn submeshes(&self)->&[PhysicsMeshTopology]{
-		//the complete mesh is already a convex mesh when len()==0, len()==1 is invalid but will still work
-		if self.submeshes.len()==0{
-			std::slice::from_ref(&self.complete_mesh)
-		}else{
-			&self.submeshes.as_slice()
-		}
+		&self.submeshes
 	}
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn submesh_view(&self,submesh_id:PhysicsSubmeshId)->PhysicsMeshView{
@@ -313,14 +321,20 @@ impl TryFrom<&model::Mesh> for PhysicsMesh{
 		if mesh.unique_pos.len()==0{
 			return Err(PhysicsMeshError::ZeroVertices);
 		}
+		// An empty physics mesh is a waste of resources
+		if mesh.physics_groups.len()==0{
+			return Err(PhysicsMeshError::NoPhysicsGroups);
+		}
 		let verts=mesh.unique_pos.iter().copied().map(Vert).collect();
 		//TODO: fix submeshes
 		//flat map mesh.physics_groups[$1].groups.polys()[$2] as face_id
 		//lower face_id points to upper face_id
 		//the same face is not allowed to be in multiple polygon groups
+		// because SubmeshFaceId -> CompleteMeshFaceId -> SubmeshFaceId is ambiguous
+		// when multiple SubmeshFaceId point to one MeshFaceId
 		let mut faces=Vec::new();
 		let mut face_id_from_face=HashMap::new();
-		let mut mesh_topologies:Vec<PhysicsMeshTopology>=mesh.physics_groups.iter().map(|physics_group|{
+		let mesh_topologies:Vec<PhysicsMeshTopology>=mesh.physics_groups.iter().map(|physics_group|{
 			//construct submesh
 			let mut submesh_faces=Vec::new();//these contain a map from submeshId->meshId
 			let mut submesh_verts=Vec::new();
@@ -381,15 +395,11 @@ impl TryFrom<&model::Mesh> for PhysicsMesh{
 						normal:(normal/len as i64).divide().narrow_1().unwrap(),
 						dot:(dot/(len*len) as i64).narrow_1().unwrap(),
 					};
-					let face_id=match face_id_from_face.get(&face){
-						Some(&face_id)=>face_id,
-						None=>{
-							let face_id=MeshFaceId::new(faces.len() as u32);
-							face_id_from_face.insert(face.clone(),face_id);
-							faces.push(face);
-							face_id
-						}
-					};
+					let face_id=*face_id_from_face.entry(face).or_insert_with(||{
+						let face_id=MeshFaceId::new(faces.len() as u32);
+						faces.push(face);
+						face_id
+					});
 					submesh_faces.push(face_id);
 					face_ref_guys.push(FaceRefEdges(face_edges));
 				}
@@ -397,16 +407,16 @@ impl TryFrom<&model::Mesh> for PhysicsMesh{
 			PhysicsMeshTopology{
 				faces:submesh_faces,
 				verts:submesh_verts,
-				face_topology:face_ref_guys.into_iter().map(|face_ref_guy|{
-					FaceRefs{edges:face_ref_guy.0}
+				face_topology:face_ref_guys.into_iter().map(|FaceRefEdges(edges)|{
+					FaceRefs{edges}
 				}).collect(),
-				edge_topology:edge_pool.edge_guys.into_iter().map(|(edge_ref_verts,edge_ref_faces)|
-					EdgeRefs{faces:edge_ref_faces.0,verts:edge_ref_verts.0}
+				edge_topology:edge_pool.edge_guys.into_iter().map(|(EdgeRefVerts(verts),EdgeRefFaces(faces))|
+					EdgeRefs{faces,verts}
 				).collect(),
-				vert_topology:vert_ref_guys.into_iter().map(|vert_ref_guy|
+				vert_topology:vert_ref_guys.into_iter().map(|VertRefGuy{edges,faces}|
 					VertRefs{
-						edges:vert_ref_guy.edges.into_iter().collect(),
-						faces:vert_ref_guy.faces.into_iter().collect(),
+						edges:edges.into_iter().collect(),
+						faces:faces.into_iter().collect(),
 					}
 				).collect(),
 			}
@@ -416,12 +426,13 @@ impl TryFrom<&model::Mesh> for PhysicsMesh{
 				faces,
 				verts,
 			},
-			complete_mesh:mesh_topologies.pop().ok_or(PhysicsMeshError::NoPhysicsGroups)?,
+			// complete_mesh:None,
 			submeshes:mesh_topologies,
 		})
 	}
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct PhysicsMeshView<'a>{
 	data:&'a PhysicsMeshData,
 	topology:&'a PhysicsMeshTopology,
@@ -458,6 +469,7 @@ impl MeshQuery for PhysicsMeshView<'_>{
 	}
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct PhysicsMeshTransform{
 	pub vertex:integer::Planar64Affine3,
 	pub normal:integer::mat3::Matrix3<Fixed<2,64>>,
@@ -473,6 +485,7 @@ impl PhysicsMeshTransform{
 	}
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct TransformedMesh<'a>{
 	view:PhysicsMeshView<'a>,
 	transform:&'a PhysicsMeshTransform,
@@ -598,6 +611,7 @@ pub enum MinkowskiFace{
 	//FaceFace
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct MinkowskiMesh<'a>{
 	mesh0:TransformedMesh<'a>,
 	mesh1:TransformedMesh<'a>,
@@ -615,6 +629,10 @@ enum EV{
 }
 
 pub type GigaTime=Ratio<Fixed<4,128>,Fixed<4,128>>;
+pub fn into_giga_time(time:Time,relative_to:Time)->GigaTime{
+	let r=(time-relative_to).to_ratio();
+	Ratio::new(r.num.widen_4(),r.den.widen_4())
+}
 
 impl MinkowskiMesh<'_>{
 	pub fn minkowski_sum<'a>(mesh0:TransformedMesh<'a>,mesh1:TransformedMesh<'a>)->MinkowskiMesh<'a>{
@@ -730,44 +748,46 @@ impl MinkowskiMesh<'_>{
 	//
 	// Most of the calculation time is just calculating the starting point
 	// for the "actual" crawling algorithm below (predict_collision_{in|out}).
-	fn closest_fev_not_inside(&self,mut infinity_body:Body,start_time:Time)->Option<FEV<MinkowskiMesh>>{
+	fn closest_fev_not_inside(&self,mut infinity_body:Body,start_time:Bound<&Time>)->Option<FEV<MinkowskiMesh>>{
 		infinity_body.infinity_dir().and_then(|dir|{
 			let infinity_fev=self.infinity_fev(-dir,infinity_body.position);
 			//a line is simpler to solve than a parabola
 			infinity_body.velocity=dir;
 			infinity_body.acceleration=vec3::ZERO;
 			//crawl in from negative infinity along a tangent line to get the closest fev
-			// TODO: change crawl_fev args to delta time? Optional values?
-			infinity_fev.crawl(self,&infinity_body,Time::MIN/4,start_time).miss()
+			infinity_fev.crawl(self,&infinity_body,Bound::Unbounded,start_time).miss()
 		})
 	}
-	pub fn predict_collision_in(&self,relative_body:&Body,Range{start:start_time,end:time_limit}:Range<Time>)->Option<(MinkowskiFace,GigaTime)>{
-		self.closest_fev_not_inside(relative_body.clone(),start_time).and_then(|fev|{
+	pub fn predict_collision_in(&self,relative_body:&Body,range:impl RangeBounds<Time>)->Option<(MinkowskiFace,GigaTime)>{
+		println!("@@@BEGIN SETUP@@@");
+		self.closest_fev_not_inside(relative_body.clone(),range.start_bound()).and_then(|fev|{
+			println!("@@@BEGIN REAL CRAWL@@@");
 			//continue forwards along the body parabola
-			fev.crawl(self,relative_body,start_time,time_limit).hit()
+			fev.crawl(self,relative_body,range.start_bound(),range.end_bound()).hit()
 		})
 	}
-	pub fn predict_collision_out(&self,relative_body:&Body,Range{start:start_time,end:time_limit}:Range<Time>)->Option<(MinkowskiFace,GigaTime)>{
-		//create an extrapolated body at time_limit
+	pub fn predict_collision_out(&self,relative_body:&Body,range:impl RangeBounds<Time>)->Option<(MinkowskiFace,GigaTime)>{
+		let (lower_bound,upper_bound)=(range.start_bound(),range.end_bound());
+		// swap and negate bounds to do a time inversion
+		let (lower_bound,upper_bound)=(upper_bound.map(|&t|-t),lower_bound.map(|&t|-t));
 		let infinity_body=-relative_body.clone();
-		self.closest_fev_not_inside(infinity_body,-time_limit).and_then(|fev|{
+		self.closest_fev_not_inside(infinity_body,lower_bound.as_ref()).and_then(|fev|{
 			//continue backwards along the body parabola
-			fev.crawl(self,&infinity_body,-time_limit,-start_time).hit()
+			fev.crawl(self,&infinity_body,lower_bound.as_ref(),upper_bound.as_ref()).hit()
 				//no need to test -time<time_limit because of the first step
 				.map(|(face,time)|(face,-time))
 		})
 	}
-	pub fn predict_collision_face_out(&self,relative_body:&Body,Range{start:start_time,end:time_limit}:Range<Time>,contact_face_id:MinkowskiFace)->Option<(MinkowskiEdge,GigaTime)>{
+	pub fn predict_collision_face_out(&self,relative_body:&Body,range:impl RangeBounds<Time>,contact_face_id:MinkowskiFace)->Option<(MinkowskiDirectedEdge,GigaTime)>{
+		// TODO: make better
+		use crate::face_crawler::{low,upp};
 		//no algorithm needed, there is only one state and two cases (Edge,None)
 		//determine when it passes an edge ("sliding off" case)
-		let start_time={
-			let r=(start_time-relative_body.time).to_ratio();
+		let start_time=range.start_bound().map(|&t|{
+			let r=(t-relative_body.time).to_ratio();
 			Ratio::new(r.num,r.den)
-		};
-		let mut best_time={
-			let r=(time_limit-relative_body.time).to_ratio();
-			Ratio::new(r.num.widen_4(),r.den.widen_4())
-		};
+		});
+		let mut best_time=range.end_bound().map(|&t|into_giga_time(t,relative_body.time));
 		let mut best_edge=None;
 		let face_n=self.face_nd(contact_face_id).0;
 		for &directed_edge_id in self.face_edges(contact_face_id).as_ref(){
@@ -780,18 +800,19 @@ impl MinkowskiMesh<'_>{
 			//WARNING: truncated precision
 			//wrap for speed
 			for dt in Fixed::<4,128>::zeroes2(((n.dot(relative_body.position))*2-d).wrap_4(),n.dot(relative_body.velocity).wrap_4()*2,n.dot(relative_body.acceleration).wrap_4()){
-				if start_time.le_ratio(dt)&&dt.lt_ratio(best_time)&&n.dot(relative_body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative(){
-					best_time=dt;
-					best_edge=Some(directed_edge_id);
+				if low(&start_time,&dt)&&upp(&dt,&best_time)&&n.dot(relative_body.extrapolated_velocity_ratio_dt(dt)).is_negative(){
+					best_time=Bound::Included(dt);
+					best_edge=Some((directed_edge_id,dt));
 					break;
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		best_edge.map(|e|(e.as_undirected(),best_time))
+		best_edge
 	}
 	fn infinity_in(&self,infinity_body:Body)->Option<(MinkowskiFace,GigaTime)>{
 		let infinity_fev=self.infinity_fev(-infinity_body.velocity,infinity_body.position);
-		infinity_fev.crawl(self,&infinity_body,Time::MIN/4,infinity_body.time).hit()
+		// Bound::Included means that the surface of the mesh is included in the mesh
+		infinity_fev.crawl(self,&infinity_body,Bound::Unbounded,Bound::Included(&infinity_body.time)).hit()
 	}
 	pub fn is_point_in_mesh(&self,point:Planar64Vec3)->bool{
 		let infinity_body=Body::new(point,vec3::Y,vec3::ZERO,Time::ZERO);
@@ -929,10 +950,10 @@ impl MeshQuery for MinkowskiMesh<'_>{
 	}
 	fn edge_verts(&self,edge_id:MinkowskiEdge)->impl AsRef<[MinkowskiVert;2]>{
 		AsRefHelper(match edge_id{
-			MinkowskiEdge::VertEdge(v0,e1)=>(*self.mesh1.edge_verts(e1).as_ref()).map(|vert_id1|
+			MinkowskiEdge::VertEdge(v0,e1)=>self.mesh1.edge_verts(e1).as_ref().map(|vert_id1|
 				MinkowskiVert::VertVert(v0,vert_id1)
 			),
-			MinkowskiEdge::EdgeVert(e0,v1)=>(*self.mesh0.edge_verts(e0).as_ref()).map(|vert_id0|
+			MinkowskiEdge::EdgeVert(e0,v1)=>self.mesh0.edge_verts(e0).as_ref().map(|vert_id0|
 				MinkowskiVert::VertVert(vert_id0,v1)
 			),
 		})
@@ -942,38 +963,43 @@ impl MeshQuery for MinkowskiMesh<'_>{
 			MinkowskiVert::VertVert(v0,v1)=>{
 				let mut edges=Vec::new();
 				//detect shared volume when the other mesh is mirrored along a test edge dir
-				let v0f=self.mesh0.vert_faces(v0);
-				let v1f=self.mesh1.vert_faces(v1);
-				let v0f_n:Vec<_>=v0f.as_ref().iter().map(|&face_id|self.mesh0.face_nd(face_id).0).collect();
-				let v1f_n:Vec<_>=v1f.as_ref().iter().map(|&face_id|self.mesh1.face_nd(face_id).0).collect();
-				let the_len=v0f.as_ref().len()+v1f.as_ref().len();
+				let v0f_thing=self.mesh0.vert_faces(v0);
+				let v1f_thing=self.mesh1.vert_faces(v1);
+				let v0f=v0f_thing.as_ref();
+				let v1f=v1f_thing.as_ref();
+				let v0f_n:Vec<_>=v0f.iter().map(|&face_id|self.mesh0.face_nd(face_id).0).collect();
+				let v1f_n:Vec<_>=v1f.iter().map(|&face_id|self.mesh1.face_nd(face_id).0).collect();
+				// scratch vector
+				let mut face_normals=Vec::with_capacity(v0f.len()+v1f.len());
+				face_normals.clone_from(&v0f_n);
 				for &directed_edge_id in self.mesh0.vert_edges(v0).as_ref(){
 					let n=self.mesh0.directed_edge_n(directed_edge_id);
 					let nn=n.dot(n);
 					// TODO: there's gotta be a better way to do this
-					//make a set of faces
-					let mut face_normals=Vec::with_capacity(the_len);
-					//add mesh0 faces as-is
-					face_normals.clone_from(&v0f_n);
+					// drop faces beyond v0f_n
+					face_normals.truncate(v0f.len());
+					// make a set of faces from mesh0's perspective
 					for face_n in &v1f_n{
 						//add reflected mesh1 faces
 						//wrap for speed
 						face_normals.push(*face_n-(n*face_n.dot(n)*2/nn).divide().wrap_3());
 					}
-					if is_empty_volume(face_normals){
+					if is_empty_volume(&face_normals){
 						edges.push(MinkowskiDirectedEdge::EdgeVert(directed_edge_id,v1));
 					}
 				}
+				face_normals.clone_from(&v1f_n);
 				for &directed_edge_id in self.mesh1.vert_edges(v1).as_ref(){
 					let n=self.mesh1.directed_edge_n(directed_edge_id);
 					let nn=n.dot(n);
-					let mut face_normals=Vec::with_capacity(the_len);
-					face_normals.clone_from(&v1f_n);
+					// drop faces beyond v1f_n
+					face_normals.truncate(v1f.len());
+					// make a set of faces from mesh1's perspective
 					for face_n in &v0f_n{
 						//wrap for speed
 						face_normals.push(*face_n-(n*face_n.dot(n)*2/nn).divide().wrap_3());
 					}
-					if is_empty_volume(face_normals){
+					if is_empty_volume(&face_normals){
 						edges.push(MinkowskiDirectedEdge::VertEdge(v0,directed_edge_id));
 					}
 				}
@@ -987,7 +1013,7 @@ impl MeshQuery for MinkowskiMesh<'_>{
 	}
 }
 
-fn is_empty_volume(normals:Vec<Vector3<Fixed<3,96>>>)->bool{
+fn is_empty_volume(normals:&[Vector3<Fixed<3,96>>])->bool{
 	let len=normals.len();
 	for i in 0..len-1{
 		for j in i+1..len{
@@ -1013,6 +1039,6 @@ fn is_empty_volume(normals:Vec<Vector3<Fixed<3,96>>>)->bool{
 
 #[test]
 fn test_is_empty_volume(){
-	assert!(!is_empty_volume([vec3::X.widen_3(),vec3::Y.widen_3(),vec3::Z.widen_3()].to_vec()));
-	assert!(is_empty_volume([vec3::X.widen_3(),vec3::Y.widen_3(),vec3::Z.widen_3(),vec3::NEG_X.widen_3()].to_vec()));
+	assert!(!is_empty_volume(&[vec3::X.widen_3(),vec3::Y.widen_3(),vec3::Z.widen_3()]));
+	assert!(is_empty_volume(&[vec3::X.widen_3(),vec3::Y.widen_3(),vec3::Z.widen_3(),vec3::NEG_X.widen_3()]));
 }

engine/physics/src/physics.rs

@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ impl HitboxMesh{
 		}
 	}
 	#[inline]
-	const fn transformed_mesh(&self)->TransformedMesh{
+	fn transformed_mesh(&self)->TransformedMesh{
 		TransformedMesh::new(self.mesh.complete_mesh_view(),&self.transform)
 	}
 }
@@ -1006,31 +1006,30 @@ impl PhysicsData{
 		let mut used_meshes=Vec::new();
 		let mut physics_mesh_id_from_model_mesh_id=HashMap::<MeshId,PhysicsMeshId>::new();
 		for (model_id,model) in map.models.iter().enumerate(){
-			//TODO: use .entry().or_insert_with(||{
-			let attr_id=if let Some(&attr_id)=physics_attr_id_from_model_attr_id.get(&model.attributes){
-				attr_id
-			}else{
-				//check if it's real
-				match map.attributes.get(model.attributes.get() as usize).and_then(|m_attr|{
-					PhysicsCollisionAttributes::try_from(m_attr).map_or(None,|p_attr|{
-						let attr_id=match p_attr{
-							PhysicsCollisionAttributes::Contact(attr)=>{
-								let attr_id=ContactAttributesId::new(used_contact_attributes.len() as u32);
-								used_contact_attributes.push(attr);
-								PhysicsAttributesId::Contact(attr_id)
-							},
-							PhysicsCollisionAttributes::Intersect(attr)=>{
-								let attr_id=IntersectAttributesId::new(used_intersect_attributes.len() as u32);
-								used_intersect_attributes.push(attr);
-								PhysicsAttributesId::Intersect(attr_id)
-							},
-						};
-						physics_attr_id_from_model_attr_id.insert(model.attributes,attr_id);
-						Some(attr_id)
-					})
-				}){
-					Some(attr_id)=>attr_id,
-					None=>continue,
+			let attr_id=match physics_attr_id_from_model_attr_id.entry(model.attributes){
+				std::collections::hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry)=>*entry.get(),
+				std::collections::hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry)=>{
+					//check if it's real
+					match map.attributes.get(model.attributes.get() as usize).and_then(|m_attr|{
+						PhysicsCollisionAttributes::try_from(m_attr).map_or(None,|p_attr|{
+							let attr_id=match p_attr{
+								PhysicsCollisionAttributes::Contact(attr)=>{
+									let attr_id=ContactAttributesId::new(used_contact_attributes.len() as u32);
+									used_contact_attributes.push(attr);
+									PhysicsAttributesId::Contact(attr_id)
+								},
+								PhysicsCollisionAttributes::Intersect(attr)=>{
+									let attr_id=IntersectAttributesId::new(used_intersect_attributes.len() as u32);
+									used_intersect_attributes.push(attr);
+									PhysicsAttributesId::Intersect(attr_id)
+								},
+							};
+							Some(*entry.insert(attr_id))
+						})
+					}){
+						Some(attr_id)=>attr_id,
+						None=>continue,
+					}
 				}
 			};
 			let mesh_id=if let Some(&mesh_id)=physics_mesh_id_from_model_mesh_id.get(&model.mesh){
@@ -1194,7 +1193,7 @@ fn recalculate_touching(
 		collision_end_contact(move_state,body,touching,models,hitbox_mesh,style,camera,input_state,models.contact_attr(contact.model_id),contact)
 	}
 	while let Some(&intersect)=touching.intersects.iter().next(){
-		collision_end_intersect(touching,mode,run,models.intersect_attr(intersect.model_id),intersect,time);
+		collision_end_intersect(move_state,body,touching,models,hitbox_mesh,style,camera,input_state,mode,run,models.intersect_attr(intersect.model_id),intersect,time);
 	}
 	//find all models in the teleport region
 	let mut aabb=aabb::Aabb::default();
@@ -1606,6 +1605,7 @@ fn collision_start_intersect(
 			None=>(),
 		}
 	}
+	move_state.apply_enum_and_body(body,touching,models,hitbox_mesh,style,camera,input_state);
 	run_teleport_behaviour(intersect.model_id.into(),attr.general.wormhole.as_ref(),mode,move_state,body,touching,run,mode_state,models,hitbox_mesh,bvh,style,camera,input_state,time);
 }
 
@@ -1638,7 +1638,14 @@ fn collision_end_contact(
 	}
 }
 fn collision_end_intersect(
+	move_state:&mut MoveState,
+	body:&mut Body,
 	touching:&mut TouchingState,
+	models:&PhysicsModels,
+	hitbox_mesh:&HitboxMesh,
+	style:&StyleModifiers,
+	camera:&PhysicsCamera,
+	input_state:&InputState,
 	mode:Option<&gameplay_modes::Mode>,
 	run:&mut run::Run,
 	_attr:&gameplay_attributes::IntersectAttributes,
@@ -1646,6 +1653,7 @@ fn collision_end_intersect(
 	time:Time,
 ){
 	touching.remove(&Collision::Intersect(intersect));
+	move_state.apply_enum_and_body(body,touching,models,hitbox_mesh,style,camera,input_state);
 	if let Some(mode)=mode{
 		let zone=mode.get_zone(intersect.model_id.into());
 		match zone{
@@ -1702,7 +1710,7 @@ fn atomic_internal_instruction(state:&mut PhysicsState,data:&PhysicsData,ins:Tim
 					contact
 				),
 				Collision::Intersect(intersect)=>collision_end_intersect(
-					&mut state.touching,
+					&mut state.move_state,&mut state.body,&mut state.touching,&data.models,&data.hitbox_mesh,&state.style,&state.camera,&state.input_state,
 					data.modes.get_mode(state.mode_state.get_mode_id()),
 					&mut state.run,
 					data.models.intersect_attr(intersect.model_id),
@@ -1925,6 +1933,15 @@ mod test{
 		),Some(Time::from_secs(2)));
 	}
 	#[test]
+	fn test_collision_small_mv(){
+		test_collision(Body::new(
+			int3(0,5,0),
+			int3(0,-1,0)+(vec3::X>>32),
+			vec3::ZERO,
+			Time::ZERO
+		),Some(Time::from_secs(2)));
+	}
+	#[test]
 	fn test_collision_degenerate_east(){
 		test_collision(Body::new(
 			int3(3,5,0),

lib/bsp_loader/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ authors = ["Rhys Lloyd <krakow20@gmail.com>"]
 glam = "0.30.0"
 strafesnet_common = { version = "0.6.0", path = "../common", registry = "strafesnet" }
 strafesnet_deferred_loader = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../deferred_loader", registry = "strafesnet" }
-vbsp = "0.8.0"
+vbsp = "0.9.1"
 vbsp-entities-css = "0.6.0"
 vmdl = "0.2.0"
 vpk = "0.3.0"

lib/bsp_loader/src/bsp.rs

@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ pub struct PartialMap1{
 impl PartialMap1{
 	pub fn add_prop_meshes<'a>(
 		self,
-		prop_meshes:Meshes,
+		prop_meshes:Meshes<model::Mesh>,
 	)->PartialMap2{
 		PartialMap2{
 			attributes:self.attributes,

lib/common/src/gameplay_modes.rs

@@ -440,11 +440,11 @@ impl ModesBuilder{
 		}
 		NormalizedModes::new(modes.into_iter().map(|mode_builder|NormalizedMode(mode_builder.mode)).collect())
 	}
-	pub fn insert_mode(&mut self,mode_id:ModeId,mode:Mode){
-		assert!(self.modes.insert(mode_id,mode).is_none(),"Cannot replace existing mode");
+	pub fn insert_mode(&mut self,mode_id:ModeId,mode:Mode)->Result<(),ExistingEntryError>{
+		error_if_exists(self.modes.insert(mode_id,mode))
 	}
-	pub fn insert_stage(&mut self,mode_id:ModeId,stage_id:StageId,stage:Stage){
-		assert!(self.stages.entry(mode_id).or_insert(HashMap::new()).insert(stage_id,stage).is_none(),"Cannot replace existing stage");
+	pub fn insert_stage(&mut self,mode_id:ModeId,stage_id:StageId,stage:Stage)->Result<(),ExistingEntryError>{
+		error_if_exists(self.stages.entry(mode_id).or_insert(HashMap::new()).insert(stage_id,stage))
 	}
 	pub fn push_mode_update(&mut self,mode_id:ModeId,mode_update:ModeUpdate){
 		self.mode_updates.push((mode_id,mode_update));
@@ -453,3 +453,12 @@ impl ModesBuilder{
 	// 	self.stage_updates.push((mode_id,stage_id,stage_update));
 	// }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ExistingEntryError;
+fn error_if_exists<T>(value:Option<T>)->Result<(),ExistingEntryError>{
+	match value{
+		Some(_)=>Err(ExistingEntryError),
+		None=>Ok(())
+	}
+}

lib/common/src/integer.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 pub use fixed_wide::fixed::*;
-pub use ratio_ops::ratio::{Ratio,Divide};
+pub use ratio_ops::ratio::{Ratio,Divide,Parity};
 
 //integer units
 
@@ -132,20 +132,21 @@ impl<T> std::ops::Mul for Time<T>{
 		Ratio::new(Fixed::raw(self.0)*Fixed::raw(rhs.0),Fixed::raw_digit(1_000_000_000i64.pow(2)))
 	}
 }
-impl<T> std::ops::Div<i64> for Time<T>{
-	type Output=Self;
-	#[inline]
-	fn div(self,rhs:i64)->Self::Output{
-		Self::raw(self.0/rhs)
-	}
-}
-impl<T> std::ops::Mul<i64> for Time<T>{
-	type Output=Self;
-	#[inline]
-	fn mul(self,rhs:i64)->Self::Output{
-		Self::raw(self.0*rhs)
+macro_rules! impl_time_i64_rhs_operator {
+	($op:ident,$method:ident)=>{
+		impl<T> core::ops::$op<i64> for Time<T>{
+			type Output=Self;
+			#[inline]
+			fn $method(self,rhs:i64)->Self::Output{
+				Self::raw(self.0.$method(rhs))
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
+impl_time_i64_rhs_operator!(Div,div);
+impl_time_i64_rhs_operator!(Mul,mul);
+impl_time_i64_rhs_operator!(Shr,shr);
+impl_time_i64_rhs_operator!(Shl,shl);
 impl<T> core::ops::Mul<Time<T>> for Planar64{
 	type Output=Ratio<Fixed<2,64>,Planar64>;
 	fn mul(self,rhs:Time<T>)->Self::Output{
@@ -656,7 +657,7 @@ pub mod mat3{
 	}
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone,Copy,Default,Hash,Eq,PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone,Copy,Debug,Default,Hash,Eq,PartialEq)]
 pub struct Planar64Affine3{
 	pub matrix3:Planar64Mat3,//includes scale above 1
 	pub translation:Planar64Vec3,

lib/deferred_loader/src/deferred_loader.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use crate::loader::Loader;
 use crate::mesh::Meshes;
 use crate::texture::{RenderConfigs,Texture};
-use strafesnet_common::model::{Mesh,MeshId,RenderConfig,RenderConfigId,TextureId};
+use strafesnet_common::model::{MeshId,RenderConfig,RenderConfigId,TextureId};
 
 #[derive(Clone,Copy,Debug)]
 pub enum LoadFailureMode{
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl<H:core::hash::Hash+Eq> MeshDeferredLoader<H>{
 	pub fn into_indices(self)->impl Iterator<Item=H>{
 		self.mesh_id_from_asset_id.into_keys()
 	}
-	pub fn into_meshes<'a,L:Loader<Resource=Mesh,Index<'a>=H>+'a>(self,loader:&mut L,failure_mode:LoadFailureMode)->Result<Meshes,L::Error>{
+	pub fn into_meshes<'a,M:Clone,L:Loader<Resource=M,Index<'a>=H>+'a>(self,loader:&mut L,failure_mode:LoadFailureMode)->Result<Meshes<M>,L::Error>{
 		let mut mesh_list=vec![None;self.mesh_id_from_asset_id.len()];
 		for (index,mesh_id) in self.mesh_id_from_asset_id{
 			let resource_result=loader.load(index);

lib/deferred_loader/src/mesh.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-use strafesnet_common::model::{Mesh,MeshId};
+use strafesnet_common::model::MeshId;
 
-pub struct Meshes{
-	meshes:Vec<Option<Mesh>>,
+pub struct Meshes<M>{
+	meshes:Vec<Option<M>>,
 }
-impl Meshes{
-	pub(crate) const fn new(meshes:Vec<Option<Mesh>>)->Self{
+impl<M> Meshes<M>{
+	pub(crate) const fn new(meshes:Vec<Option<M>>)->Self{
 		Self{
 			meshes,
 		}
 	}
-	pub fn consume(self)->impl Iterator<Item=(MeshId,Mesh)>{
+	pub fn consume(self)->impl Iterator<Item=(MeshId,M)>{
 		self.meshes.into_iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(mesh_id,maybe_mesh)|
 			maybe_mesh.map(|mesh|(MeshId::new(mesh_id as u32),mesh))
 		)

lib/linear_ops/src/macros/matrix.rs

@@ -204,13 +204,19 @@ macro_rules! impl_matrix_named_fields_shape {
 			type Target=$struct_outer<Vector<$size_inner,T>>;
 			#[inline]
 			fn deref(&self)->&Self::Target{
-				unsafe{core::mem::transmute(&self.array)}
+				// This cast is valid because Matrix has #[repr(transparent)]
+				let ptr=&self.array as *const [[T;$size_inner];$size_outer] as *const Self::Target;
+				// SAFETY: this pointer is non-null because it comes from a reference
+				unsafe{&*ptr}
 			}
 		}
 		impl<T> core::ops::DerefMut for Matrix<$size_outer,$size_inner,T>{
 			#[inline]
 			fn deref_mut(&mut self)->&mut Self::Target{
-				unsafe{core::mem::transmute(&mut self.array)}
+				// This cast is valid because Matrix has #[repr(transparent)]
+				let ptr=&mut self.array as *mut [[T;$size_inner];$size_outer] as *mut Self::Target;
+				// SAFETY: this pointer is non-null because it comes from a reference
+				unsafe{&mut*ptr}
 			}
 		}
 	}

lib/linear_ops/src/macros/vector.rs

@@ -330,13 +330,19 @@ macro_rules! impl_vector_named_fields {
 			type Target=$struct<T>;
 			#[inline]
 			fn deref(&self)->&Self::Target{
-				unsafe{core::mem::transmute(&self.array)}
+				// This cast is valid because Vector has #[repr(transparent)]
+				let ptr=&self.array as *const [T;$size] as *const Self::Target;
+				// SAFETY: this pointer is non-null because it comes from a reference
+				unsafe{&*ptr}
 			}
 		}
 		impl<T> core::ops::DerefMut for Vector<$size,T>{
 			#[inline]
 			fn deref_mut(&mut self)->&mut Self::Target{
-				unsafe{core::mem::transmute(&mut self.array)}
+				// This cast is valid because Vector has #[repr(transparent)]
+				let ptr=&mut self.array as *mut [T;$size] as *mut Self::Target;
+				// SAFETY: this pointer is non-null because it comes from a reference
+				unsafe{&mut*ptr}
 			}
 		}
 	}

lib/rbx_loader/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ authors = ["Rhys Lloyd <krakow20@gmail.com>"]
 bytemuck = "1.14.3"
 glam = "0.30.0"
 lazy-regex = "3.1.0"
-rbx_binary  = { version = "1.1.0-sn3", registry = "strafesnet"}
-rbx_dom_weak =  { version = "3.1.0-sn1", registry = "strafesnet"}
+rbx_binary  = { version = "1.1.0-sn4", registry = "strafesnet" }
+rbx_dom_weak =  { version = "3.1.0-sn4", registry = "strafesnet", features = ["instance-userdata"] }
 rbx_mesh = "0.3.1"
 rbx_reflection_database = "1.0.0"
-rbx_xml  = { version = "1.1.0-sn3", registry = "strafesnet"}
+rbx_xml  = { version = "1.1.0-sn4", registry = "strafesnet" }
 rbxassetid = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../rbxassetid", registry = "strafesnet" }
-roblox_emulator = { version = "0.4.7", path = "../roblox_emulator", default-features = false, registry = "strafesnet" }
+roblox_emulator = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../roblox_emulator", default-features = false, registry = "strafesnet" }
 strafesnet_common = { version = "0.6.0", path = "../common", registry = "strafesnet" }
 strafesnet_deferred_loader = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../deferred_loader", registry = "strafesnet" }

lib/rbx_loader/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::io::Read;
-use roblox_emulator::types::WeakDom;
+use rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom;
+use roblox_emulator::context::Context;
 use strafesnet_deferred_loader::deferred_loader::{LoadFailureMode,MeshDeferredLoader,RenderConfigDeferredLoader};
 
 mod rbx;
@@ -27,12 +28,6 @@ impl Model{
 	fn new(dom:WeakDom)->Self{
 		Self{dom}
 	}
-	pub fn into_place(self)->Place{
-		let Self{mut dom}=self;
-		let context=roblox_emulator::context::Context::from_mut(&mut dom);
-		let services=context.convert_into_place();
-		Place{dom,services}
-	}
 	pub fn to_snf(&self,failure_mode:LoadFailureMode)->Result<strafesnet_common::map::CompleteMap,LoadError>{
 		to_snf(self,failure_mode)
 	}
@@ -44,23 +39,20 @@ impl AsRef<WeakDom> for Model{
 }
 
 pub struct Place{
-	dom:WeakDom,
-	services:roblox_emulator::context::Services,
+	context:Context,
 }
 impl Place{
-	pub fn new(dom:WeakDom)->Option<Self>{
-		let context=roblox_emulator::context::Context::from_ref(&dom);
-		Some(Self{
-			services:context.find_services()?,
-			dom,
+	pub fn new(dom:WeakDom)->Result<Self,roblox_emulator::context::ServicesError>{
+		let context=Context::from_place(dom)?;
+		Ok(Self{
+			context,
 		})
 	}
 	pub fn run_scripts(&mut self){
-		let Place{dom,services}=self;
+		let Place{context}=self;
 		let runner=roblox_emulator::runner::Runner::new().unwrap();
-		let context=roblox_emulator::context::Context::from_mut(dom);
 		let scripts=context.scripts();
-		let runnable=runner.runnable_context_with_services(context,services).unwrap();
+		let runnable=runner.runnable_context(context).unwrap();
 		for script in scripts{
 			if let Err(e)=runnable.run_script(script){
 				println!("runner error: {e}");
@@ -73,7 +65,15 @@ impl Place{
 }
 impl AsRef<WeakDom> for Place{
 	fn as_ref(&self)->&WeakDom{
-		&self.dom
+		self.context.as_ref()
+	}
+}
+impl From<Model> for Place{
+	fn from(model:Model)->Self{
+		let context=Context::from_model(model.dom);
+		Self{
+			context,
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -94,9 +94,9 @@ impl std::error::Error for ReadError{}
 pub fn read<R:Read>(input:R)->Result<Model,ReadError>{
 	let mut buf=std::io::BufReader::new(input);
 	let peek=std::io::BufRead::fill_buf(&mut buf).map_err(ReadError::Io)?;
-	match &peek[0..8]{
-		b"<roblox!"=>rbx_binary::from_reader_generic(buf).map(Model::new).map_err(ReadError::RbxBinary),
-		b"<roblox "=>rbx_xml::from_reader_generic(buf,Default::default()).map(Model::new).map_err(ReadError::RbxXml),
+	match peek.get(0..8){
+		Some(b"<roblox!")=>rbx_binary::from_reader(buf).map(Model::new).map_err(ReadError::RbxBinary),
+		Some(b"<roblox ")=>rbx_xml::from_reader_default(buf).map(Model::new).map_err(ReadError::RbxXml),
 		_=>Err(ReadError::UnknownFileFormat),
 	}
 }

lib/rbx_loader/src/loader.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use std::io::Read;
-use rbx_dom_weak::ustr;
 use rbxassetid::{RobloxAssetId,RobloxAssetIdParseErr};
 use strafesnet_common::model::Mesh;
 use strafesnet_deferred_loader::{loader::Loader,texture::Texture};
@@ -7,6 +6,11 @@ use strafesnet_deferred_loader::{loader::Loader,texture::Texture};
 use crate::data::RobloxMeshBytes;
 use crate::rbx::RobloxPartDescription;
 
+// disallow non-static lifetimes
+fn static_ustr(s:&'static str)->rbx_dom_weak::Ustr{
+	rbx_dom_weak::ustr(s)
+}
+
 fn read_entire_file(path:impl AsRef<std::path::Path>)->Result<Vec<u8>,std::io::Error>{
 	let mut file=std::fs::File::open(path)?;
 	let mut data=Vec::new();
@@ -139,6 +143,12 @@ impl MeshIndex<'_>{
 	}
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct MeshWithSize{
+	pub(crate) mesh:Mesh,
+	pub(crate) size:strafesnet_common::integer::Planar64Vec3,
+}
+
 pub struct MeshLoader;
 impl MeshLoader{
 	pub fn new()->Self{
@@ -148,7 +158,7 @@ impl MeshLoader{
 impl Loader for MeshLoader{
 	type Error=MeshError;
 	type Index<'a>=MeshIndex<'a>;
-	type Resource=Mesh;
+	type Resource=MeshWithSize;
 	fn load<'a>(&mut self,index:Self::Index<'a>)->Result<Self::Resource,Self::Error>{
 		let mesh=match index.mesh_type{
 			MeshType::FileMesh=>{
@@ -172,12 +182,12 @@ impl Loader for MeshLoader{
 						return Err(MeshError::MissingInstance);
 					};
 					if physics_data.is_empty(){
-						if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::BinaryString(data))=instance.properties.get(&ustr("PhysicsData")){
+						if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::BinaryString(data))=instance.properties.get(&static_ustr("PhysicsData")){
 							physics_data=data.as_ref();
 						}
 					}
 					if mesh_data.is_empty(){
-						if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::BinaryString(data))=instance.properties.get(&ustr("MeshData")){
+						if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::BinaryString(data))=instance.properties.get(&static_ustr("MeshData")){
 							mesh_data=data.as_ref();
 						}
 					}

lib/rbx_loader/src/mesh.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use rbx_mesh::mesh::{Vertex2,Vertex2Truncated};
-use strafesnet_common::{integer::vec3,model::{self,ColorId,IndexedVertex,NormalId,PolygonGroup,PolygonList,PositionId,RenderConfigId,TextureCoordinateId,VertexId}};
+use strafesnet_common::aabb::Aabb;
+use strafesnet_common::integer::vec3;
+use strafesnet_common::model::{self,ColorId,IndexedVertex,NormalId,PolygonGroup,PolygonList,PositionId,RenderConfigId,TextureCoordinateId,VertexId};
+
+use crate::loader::MeshWithSize;
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -95,7 +99,7 @@ fn ingest_faces2_lods3(
 	))
 }
 
-pub fn convert(roblox_mesh_bytes:crate::data::RobloxMeshBytes)->Result<model::Mesh,Error>{
+pub fn convert(roblox_mesh_bytes:crate::data::RobloxMeshBytes)->Result<MeshWithSize,Error>{
 	//generate that mesh boi
 	let mut unique_pos=Vec::new();
 	let mut pos_id_from=HashMap::new();
@@ -108,8 +112,10 @@ pub fn convert(roblox_mesh_bytes:crate::data::RobloxMeshBytes)->Result<model::Me
 	let mut unique_vertices=Vec::new();
 	let mut vertex_id_from=HashMap::new();
 	let mut polygon_groups=Vec::new();
+	let mut aabb=Aabb::default();
 	let mut acquire_pos_id=|pos|{
 		let p=vec3::try_from_f32_array(pos).map_err(Error::Planar64Vec3)?;
+		aabb.grow(p);
 		Ok(PositionId::new(*pos_id_from.entry(p).or_insert_with(||{
 			let pos_id=unique_pos.len();
 			unique_pos.push(p);
@@ -197,7 +203,7 @@ pub fn convert(roblox_mesh_bytes:crate::data::RobloxMeshBytes)->Result<model::Me
 			ingest_faces2_lods3(&mut polygon_groups,&vertex_id_map,&mesh.faces,&mesh.lods);
 		},
 	}
-	Ok(model::Mesh{
+	let mesh=model::Mesh{
 		unique_pos,
 		unique_normal,
 		unique_tex,
@@ -213,5 +219,6 @@ pub fn convert(roblox_mesh_bytes:crate::data::RobloxMeshBytes)->Result<model::Me
 		}],
 		//disable physics
 		physics_groups:Vec::new(),
-	})
+	};
+	Ok(MeshWithSize{mesh,size:aabb.size()})
 }

lib/rbx_loader/src/primitives.rs

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ const CUBE_DEFAULT_TEXTURE_COORDS:[TextureCoordinate;4]=[
 	TextureCoordinate::new(1.0,1.0),
 	TextureCoordinate::new(0.0,1.0),
 ];
-const CUBE_DEFAULT_VERTICES:[Planar64Vec3;8]=[
+pub const CUBE_DEFAULT_VERTICES:[Planar64Vec3;8]=[
 	vec3::int(-1,-1, 1),//0 left bottom back
 	vec3::int( 1,-1, 1),//1 right bottom back
 	vec3::int( 1, 1, 1),//2 right top back
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ const CUBE_DEFAULT_VERTICES:[Planar64Vec3;8]=[
 	vec3::int( 1,-1,-1),//6 right bottom front
 	vec3::int(-1,-1,-1),//7 left bottom front
 ];
-const CUBE_DEFAULT_NORMALS:[Planar64Vec3;6]=[
+pub const CUBE_DEFAULT_NORMALS:[Planar64Vec3;6]=[
 	vec3::int( 1, 0, 0),//CubeFace::Right
 	vec3::int( 0, 1, 0),//CubeFace::Top
 	vec3::int( 0, 0, 1),//CubeFace::Back
@@ -121,8 +121,7 @@ impl FaceDescription{
 		}
 	}
 }
-pub fn unit_cube(CubeFaceDescription(face_descriptions):CubeFaceDescription)->Mesh{
-	const CUBE_DEFAULT_POLYS:[[[u32;2];4];6]=[
+pub const CUBE_DEFAULT_POLYS:[[[u32;2];4];6]=[
 		// right (1, 0, 0)
 		[
 			[6,2],//[vertex,tex]
@@ -166,6 +165,7 @@ pub fn unit_cube(CubeFaceDescription(face_descriptions):CubeFaceDescription)->Me
 			[7,2],
 		],
 	];
+pub fn unit_cube(CubeFaceDescription(face_descriptions):CubeFaceDescription)->Mesh{
 	let mut generated_pos=Vec::new();
 	let mut generated_tex=Vec::new();
 	let mut generated_normal=Vec::new();

lib/rbx_loader/src/rbx.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use crate::loader::MeshIndex;
+use crate::loader::{MeshWithSize,MeshIndex};
 use crate::primitives::{self,CubeFace,CubeFaceDescription,WedgeFaceDescription,CornerWedgeFaceDescription,FaceDescription,Primitives};
-use rbx_dom_weak::ustr;
-use roblox_emulator::types::{WeakDom,Instance};
-use strafesnet_common::aabb::Aabb;
 use strafesnet_common::map;
 use strafesnet_common::model;
 use strafesnet_common::gameplay_modes::{NormalizedModes,Mode,ModeId,ModeUpdate,ModesBuilder,Stage,StageElement,StageElementBehaviour,StageId,Zone};
@@ -15,24 +12,30 @@ use strafesnet_deferred_loader::deferred_loader::{RenderConfigDeferredLoader,Mes
 use strafesnet_deferred_loader::mesh::Meshes;
 use strafesnet_deferred_loader::texture::{RenderConfigs,Texture};
 
+// disallow non-static lifetimes
+fn static_ustr(s:&'static str)->rbx_dom_weak::Ustr{
+	rbx_dom_weak::ustr(s)
+}
+
 fn recursive_collect_superclass(
 	objects:&mut std::vec::Vec<rbx_dom_weak::types::Ref>,
-	dom:&WeakDom,
-	instance:&Instance,
+	dom:&rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom,
+	instance:&rbx_dom_weak::Instance,
 	superclass:&str
 ){
-	let instance=instance.as_ref();
+	let instance=instance;
 	let db=rbx_reflection_database::get();
 	let Some(superclass)=db.classes.get(superclass)else{
 		return;
 	};
 	objects.extend(
-		dom.descendants_of(instance.as_ref().referent()).filter_map(|instance|{
-			let class=db.classes.get(instance.as_ref().class.as_str())?;
-			db.has_superclass(class,superclass).then(||instance.as_ref().referent())
+		dom.descendants_of(instance.referent()).filter_map(|instance|{
+			let class=db.classes.get(instance.class.as_str())?;
+			db.has_superclass(class,superclass).then(||instance.referent())
 		})
 	);
 }
+
 fn planar64_affine3_from_roblox(cf:&rbx_dom_weak::types::CFrame,size:&rbx_dom_weak::types::Vector3)->Planar64Affine3{
 	Planar64Affine3::new(
 		Planar64Mat3::from_cols([
@@ -53,15 +56,19 @@ fn get_attributes(name:&str,can_collide:bool,velocity:Planar64Vec3,model_id:mode
 	let mut contacting=attr::ContactingAttributes::default();
 	let mut force_can_collide=can_collide;
 	let mut force_intersecting=false;
+	let mut allow_booster=true;
 	match name{
 		"Water"=>{
 			force_can_collide=false;
+			allow_booster=false;
 			//TODO: read stupid CustomPhysicalProperties
 			intersecting.water=Some(attr::IntersectingWater{density:Planar64::ONE,viscosity:Planar64::ONE/10,velocity});
 		},
 		"Accelerator"=>{
 			//although the new game supports collidable accelerators, this is a roblox compatability map loader
 			force_can_collide=false;
+			// Accelerator is not allowed to be booster in roblox
+			allow_booster=false;
 			general.accelerator=Some(attr::Accelerator{acceleration:velocity});
 		},
 		// "UnorderedCheckpoint"=>general.teleport_behaviour=Some(model::TeleportBehaviour::StageElement(attr::StageElement{
@@ -70,7 +77,10 @@ fn get_attributes(name:&str,can_collide:bool,velocity:Planar64Vec3,model_id:mode
 		// 	force:false,
 		// 	behaviour:model::StageElementBehaviour::Unordered
 		// })),
-		"SetVelocity"=>general.trajectory=Some(attr::SetTrajectory::Velocity(velocity)),
+		"SetVelocity"=>{
+			allow_booster=false;
+			general.trajectory=Some(attr::SetTrajectory::Velocity(velocity));
+		},
 		"MapStart"=>{
 			force_can_collide=false;
 			force_intersecting=true;
@@ -80,7 +90,7 @@ fn get_attributes(name:&str,can_collide:bool,velocity:Planar64Vec3,model_id:mode
 					gameplay_style::StyleModifiers::roblox_bhop(),
 					model_id
 				)
-			);
+			).unwrap();
 		},
 		"MapFinish"=>{
 			force_can_collide=false;
@@ -126,7 +136,7 @@ fn get_attributes(name:&str,can_collide:bool,velocity:Planar64Vec3,model_id:mode
 								gameplay_style::StyleModifiers::roblox_bhop(),
 								model_id
 							)
-						);
+						).unwrap();
 					},
 					"WormholeOut"=>{
 						//the PhysicsModelId has to exist for it to be teleported to!
@@ -155,7 +165,7 @@ fn get_attributes(name:&str,can_collide:bool,velocity:Planar64Vec3,model_id:mode
 								ModeId::MAIN,
 								stage_id,
 								Stage::empty(model_id),
-							);
+							).unwrap();
 							//TODO: let denormalize handle this
 							StageElementBehaviour::SpawnAt
 						},
@@ -230,7 +240,7 @@ fn get_attributes(name:&str,can_collide:bool,velocity:Planar64Vec3,model_id:mode
 		}
 	}
 	//need some way to skip this
-	if velocity!=vec3::ZERO{
+	if allow_booster&&velocity!=vec3::ZERO{
 		general.booster=Some(attr::Booster::Velocity(velocity));
 	}
 	match force_can_collide{
@@ -399,35 +409,37 @@ fn get_content_url(content:&rbx_dom_weak::types::Content)->Option<&str>{
 fn get_texture_description<'a>(
 	temp_objects:&mut Vec<rbx_dom_weak::types::Ref>,
 	render_config_deferred_loader:&mut RenderConfigDeferredLoader<&'a str>,
-	dom:&'a WeakDom,
-	object:&Instance,
+	dom:&'a rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom,
+	object:&rbx_dom_weak::Instance,
 	size:&rbx_dom_weak::types::Vector3,
 )->RobloxPartDescription{
 	//use the biggest one and cut it down later...
 	let mut part_texture_description=RobloxPartDescription::default();
 	temp_objects.clear();
-	recursive_collect_superclass(temp_objects,dom,object,"Decal");
+	recursive_collect_superclass(temp_objects,&dom,object,"Decal");
 	for &mut decal_ref in temp_objects{
 		let Some(decal)=dom.get_by_ref(decal_ref) else{
 			println!("Decal get_by_ref failed");
 			continue;
 		};
-		let decal=decal.as_ref();
 		let (
-			Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::ContentId(content)),
+			Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Content(content)),
 			Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Enum(normalid)),
 			Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Color3(decal_color3)),
 			Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Float32(decal_transparency)),
 		)=(
-			decal.properties.get(&ustr("Texture")),
-			decal.properties.get(&ustr("Face")),
-			decal.properties.get(&ustr("Color3")),
-			decal.properties.get(&ustr("Transparency")),
+			decal.properties.get(&static_ustr("TextureContent")),
+			decal.properties.get(&static_ustr("Face")),
+			decal.properties.get(&static_ustr("Color3")),
+			decal.properties.get(&static_ustr("Transparency")),
 		)else{
 			println!("Decal is missing a required property");
 			continue;
 		};
-		let texture_id=Some(content.as_str());
+		let texture_id=match content.value(){
+			rbx_dom_weak::types::ContentType::Uri(uri)=>Some(uri.as_str()),
+			_=>None,
+		};
 		let render_id=render_config_deferred_loader.acquire_render_config_id(texture_id);
 		let Ok(cube_face)=normalid.to_u32().try_into()else{
 			println!("NormalId is invalid");
@@ -441,10 +453,10 @@ fn get_texture_description<'a>(
 					Some(&rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Float32(studs_per_tile_u)),
 					Some(&rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Float32(studs_per_tile_v)),
 				) = (
-					decal.properties.get(&ustr("OffsetStudsU")),
-					decal.properties.get(&ustr("OffsetStudsV")),
-					decal.properties.get(&ustr("StudsPerTileU")),
-					decal.properties.get(&ustr("StudsPerTileV")),
+					decal.properties.get(&static_ustr("OffsetStudsU")),
+					decal.properties.get(&static_ustr("OffsetStudsV")),
+					decal.properties.get(&static_ustr("StudsPerTileU")),
+					decal.properties.get(&static_ustr("StudsPerTileV")),
 				)
 			{
 				let (size_u,size_v)=match cube_face{
@@ -516,7 +528,7 @@ struct GetAttributesArgs<'a>{
 	velocity:Planar64Vec3,
 }
 pub fn convert<'a>(
-	dom:&'a WeakDom,
+	dom:&'a rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom,
 	render_config_deferred_loader:&mut RenderConfigDeferredLoader<&'a str>,
 	mesh_deferred_loader:&mut MeshDeferredLoader<MeshIndex<'a>>,
 )->PartialMap1<'a>{
@@ -531,10 +543,9 @@ pub fn convert<'a>(
 
 	let mut object_refs=Vec::new();
 	let mut temp_objects=Vec::new();
-	recursive_collect_superclass(&mut object_refs,dom,dom.root(),"BasePart");
-	for object_ref in object_refs{
-		if let Some(object_extended)=dom.get_by_ref(object_ref){
-			let object=object_extended.as_ref();
+	recursive_collect_superclass(&mut object_refs, &dom, dom.root(),"BasePart");
+	for object_ref in object_refs {
+		if let Some(object)=dom.get_by_ref(object_ref){
 			if let (
 					Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::CFrame(cf)),
 					Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Vector3(size)),
@@ -543,12 +554,12 @@ pub fn convert<'a>(
 					Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Color3uint8(color3)),
 					Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Bool(can_collide)),
 				) = (
-					object.properties.get(&ustr("CFrame")),
-					object.properties.get(&ustr("Size")),
-					object.properties.get(&ustr("Velocity")),
-					object.properties.get(&ustr("Transparency")),
-					object.properties.get(&ustr("Color")),
-					object.properties.get(&ustr("CanCollide")),
+					object.properties.get(&static_ustr("CFrame")),
+					object.properties.get(&static_ustr("Size")),
+					object.properties.get(&static_ustr("Velocity")),
+					object.properties.get(&static_ustr("Transparency")),
+					object.properties.get(&static_ustr("Color")),
+					object.properties.get(&static_ustr("CanCollide")),
 				)
 			{
 				let model_transform=planar64_affine3_from_roblox(cf,size);
@@ -557,7 +568,6 @@ pub fn convert<'a>(
 					let mut parent_ref=object.parent();
 					let mut full_path=object.name.clone();
 					while let Some(parent)=dom.get_by_ref(parent_ref){
-						let parent=parent.as_ref();
 						full_path=format!("{}.{}",parent.name,full_path);
 						parent_ref=parent.parent();
 					}
@@ -568,7 +578,7 @@ pub fn convert<'a>(
 
 				//TODO: also detect "CylinderMesh" etc here
 				let shape=match object.class.as_str(){
-					"Part"=>if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Enum(shape))=object.properties.get(&ustr("Shape")){
+					"Part"=>if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Enum(shape))=object.properties.get(&static_ustr("Shape")){
 						Shape::Primitive(shape.to_u32().try_into().expect("Funky roblox PartType"))
 					}else{
 						panic!("Part has no Shape!");
@@ -587,7 +597,7 @@ pub fn convert<'a>(
 				let (availability,mesh_id)=match shape{
 					Shape::Primitive(primitive_shape)=>{
 				//TODO: TAB TAB
-				let part_texture_description=get_texture_description(&mut temp_objects,render_config_deferred_loader,dom,object_extended,size);
+				let part_texture_description=get_texture_description(&mut temp_objects,render_config_deferred_loader,dom,object,size);
 				//obscure rust syntax "slice pattern"
 				let RobloxPartDescription([
 					f0,//Cube::Right
@@ -642,11 +652,11 @@ pub fn convert<'a>(
 						Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Content(texture_content)),
 					)=(
 						// mesh must exist
-						object.properties.get(&ustr("MeshContent")),
+						object.properties.get(&static_ustr("MeshContent")),
 						// texture is allowed to be none
-						object.properties.get(&ustr("TextureContent")),
+						object.properties.get(&static_ustr("TextureContent")),
 					){
-						let mesh_asset_id=get_content_url(mesh_content).expect("MeshPart Mesh is not a Uri");
+						let mesh_asset_id=get_content_url(mesh_content).unwrap_or_default();
 						let texture_asset_id=get_content_url(texture_content);
 						(
 							MeshAvailability::DeferredMesh(render_config_deferred_loader.acquire_render_config_id(texture_asset_id)),
@@ -659,16 +669,16 @@ pub fn convert<'a>(
 						let mut content="";
 						let mut mesh_data:&[u8]=&[];
 						let mut physics_data:&[u8]=&[];
-						if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::ContentId(asset_id))=object.properties.get(&ustr("AssetId")){
+						if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::ContentId(asset_id))=object.properties.get(&static_ustr("AssetId")){
 							content=asset_id.as_ref();
 						}
-						if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::BinaryString(data))=object.properties.get(&ustr("MeshData")){
+						if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::BinaryString(data))=object.properties.get(&static_ustr("MeshData")){
 							mesh_data=data.as_ref();
 						}
-						if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::BinaryString(data))=object.properties.get(&ustr("PhysicsData")){
+						if let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::BinaryString(data))=object.properties.get(&static_ustr("PhysicsData")){
 							physics_data=data.as_ref();
 						}
-						let part_texture_description=get_texture_description(&mut temp_objects,render_config_deferred_loader,dom,object_extended,size);
+						let part_texture_description=get_texture_description(&mut temp_objects,render_config_deferred_loader,dom,object,size);
 						let mesh_index=MeshIndex::union(content,mesh_data,physics_data,size,part_texture_description.clone());
 						let mesh_id=mesh_deferred_loader.acquire_mesh_id(mesh_index);
 						(MeshAvailability::DeferredUnion(part_texture_description),mesh_id)
@@ -705,23 +715,23 @@ pub fn convert<'a>(
 		deferred_unions_deferred_attributes,
 	}
 }
-struct MeshWithAabb{
-	mesh:model::Mesh,
-	aabb:Aabb,
+struct MeshIdWithSize{
+	mesh:model::MeshId,
+	size:Planar64Vec3,
 }
 fn acquire_mesh_id_from_render_config_id<'a>(
 	primitive_meshes:&mut Vec<model::Mesh>,
 	mesh_id_from_render_config_id:&mut HashMap<model::MeshId,HashMap<RenderConfigId,model::MeshId>>,
-	loaded_meshes:&'a HashMap<model::MeshId,MeshWithAabb>,
+	loaded_meshes:&'a HashMap<model::MeshId,MeshWithSize>,
 	old_mesh_id:model::MeshId,
 	render:RenderConfigId,
-)->Option<(model::MeshId,&'a Aabb)>{
+)->Option<MeshIdWithSize>{
 	//ignore meshes that fail to load completely for now
-	loaded_meshes.get(&old_mesh_id).map(|mesh_with_aabb|(
-		*mesh_id_from_render_config_id.entry(old_mesh_id).or_insert_with(||HashMap::new())
+	loaded_meshes.get(&old_mesh_id).map(|&MeshWithSize{ref mesh,size}|MeshIdWithSize{
+		mesh:*mesh_id_from_render_config_id.entry(old_mesh_id).or_insert_with(||HashMap::new())
 		.entry(render).or_insert_with(||{
 			let mesh_id=model::MeshId::new(primitive_meshes.len() as u32);
-			let mut mesh_clone=mesh_with_aabb.mesh.clone();
+			let mut mesh_clone=mesh.clone();
 			//set the render group lool
 			if let Some(graphics_group)=mesh_clone.graphics_groups.first_mut(){
 				graphics_group.render=render;
@@ -729,22 +739,22 @@ fn acquire_mesh_id_from_render_config_id<'a>(
 			primitive_meshes.push(mesh_clone);
 			mesh_id
 		}),
-		&mesh_with_aabb.aabb,
-	))
+		size,
+	})
 }
 fn acquire_union_id_from_render_config_id<'a>(
 	primitive_meshes:&mut Vec<model::Mesh>,
 	union_id_from_render_config_id:&mut HashMap<model::MeshId,HashMap<RobloxPartDescription,model::MeshId>>,
-	loaded_meshes:&'a HashMap<model::MeshId,MeshWithAabb>,
+	loaded_meshes:&'a HashMap<model::MeshId,MeshWithSize>,
 	old_union_id:model::MeshId,
 	part_texture_description:RobloxPartDescription,
-)->Option<(model::MeshId,&'a Aabb)>{
+)->Option<MeshIdWithSize>{
 	//ignore uniones that fail to load completely for now
-	loaded_meshes.get(&old_union_id).map(|union_with_aabb|(
-		*union_id_from_render_config_id.entry(old_union_id).or_insert_with(||HashMap::new())
+	loaded_meshes.get(&old_union_id).map(|&MeshWithSize{ref mesh,size}|MeshIdWithSize{
+		mesh:*union_id_from_render_config_id.entry(old_union_id).or_insert_with(||HashMap::new())
 		.entry(part_texture_description.clone()).or_insert_with(||{
 			let union_id=model::MeshId::new(primitive_meshes.len() as u32);
-			let mut union_clone=union_with_aabb.mesh.clone();
+			let mut union_clone=mesh.clone();
 			//set the render groups
 			for (graphics_group,maybe_face_texture_description) in union_clone.graphics_groups.iter_mut().zip(part_texture_description.0){
 				if let Some(face_texture_description)=maybe_face_texture_description{
@@ -754,8 +764,8 @@ fn acquire_union_id_from_render_config_id<'a>(
 			primitive_meshes.push(union_clone);
 			union_id
 		}),
-		&union_with_aabb.aabb,
-	))
+		size,
+	})
 }
 pub struct PartialMap1<'a>{
 	primitive_meshes:Vec<model::Mesh>,
@@ -766,7 +776,7 @@ pub struct PartialMap1<'a>{
 impl PartialMap1<'_>{
 	pub fn add_meshpart_meshes_and_calculate_attributes(
 		mut self,
-		meshpart_meshes:Meshes,
+		meshpart_meshes:Meshes<MeshWithSize>,
 	)->PartialMap2{
 		//calculate attributes
 		let mut modes_builder=ModesBuilder::default();
@@ -778,17 +788,8 @@ impl PartialMap1<'_>{
 
 		//decode roblox meshes
 		//generate mesh_id_map based on meshes that failed to load
-		let loaded_meshes:HashMap<model::MeshId,MeshWithAabb>=
-		meshpart_meshes.consume().map(|(old_mesh_id,mesh)|{
-			let mut aabb=strafesnet_common::aabb::Aabb::default();
-			for &pos in &mesh.unique_pos{
-				aabb.grow(pos);
-			}
-			(old_mesh_id,MeshWithAabb{
-				mesh,
-				aabb,
-			})
-		}).collect();
+		let loaded_meshes:HashMap<model::MeshId,MeshWithSize>=
+		meshpart_meshes.consume().collect();
 
 		// SAFETY: I have no idea what I'm doing and this is definitely unsound in some subtle way
 		// I just want to chain iterators together man
@@ -801,23 +802,22 @@ impl PartialMap1<'_>{
 		self.deferred_models_deferred_attributes.into_iter().flat_map(|deferred_model_deferred_attributes|{
 			//meshes need to be cloned from loaded_meshes with a new id when they are used with a new render_id
 			//insert into primitive_meshes
-			let (mesh,aabb)=acquire_mesh_id_from_render_config_id(
+			let MeshIdWithSize{mesh,size:mesh_size}=acquire_mesh_id_from_render_config_id(
 				unsafe{*aint_no_way.get()},
 				&mut mesh_id_from_render_config_id,
 				&loaded_meshes,
 				deferred_model_deferred_attributes.model.mesh,
 				deferred_model_deferred_attributes.render
 			)?;
-			let size=aabb.size();
 			Some(ModelDeferredAttributes{
 				mesh,
 				deferred_attributes:deferred_model_deferred_attributes.model.deferred_attributes,
 				color:deferred_model_deferred_attributes.model.color,
 				transform:Planar64Affine3::new(
 					Planar64Mat3::from_cols([
-						(deferred_model_deferred_attributes.model.transform.matrix3.x_axis*2/size.x).divide().narrow_1().unwrap(),
-						(deferred_model_deferred_attributes.model.transform.matrix3.y_axis*2/size.y).divide().narrow_1().unwrap(),
-						(deferred_model_deferred_attributes.model.transform.matrix3.z_axis*2/size.z).divide().narrow_1().unwrap(),
+						(deferred_model_deferred_attributes.model.transform.matrix3.x_axis*2/mesh_size.x).divide().narrow_1().unwrap(),
+						(deferred_model_deferred_attributes.model.transform.matrix3.y_axis*2/mesh_size.y).divide().narrow_1().unwrap(),
+						(deferred_model_deferred_attributes.model.transform.matrix3.z_axis*2/mesh_size.z).divide().narrow_1().unwrap(),
 					]),
 					deferred_model_deferred_attributes.model.transform.translation
 				),
@@ -825,14 +825,13 @@ impl PartialMap1<'_>{
 		}).chain(self.deferred_unions_deferred_attributes.into_iter().flat_map(|deferred_union_deferred_attributes|{
 			//meshes need to be cloned from loaded_meshes with a new id when they are used with a new render_id
 			//insert into primitive_meshes
-			let (mesh,aabb)=acquire_union_id_from_render_config_id(
+			let MeshIdWithSize{mesh,size}=acquire_union_id_from_render_config_id(
 				unsafe{*aint_no_way.get()},
 				&mut union_id_from_render_config_id,
 				&loaded_meshes,
 				deferred_union_deferred_attributes.model.mesh,
 				deferred_union_deferred_attributes.render
 			)?;
-			let size=aabb.size();
 			Some(ModelDeferredAttributes{
 				mesh,
 				deferred_attributes:deferred_union_deferred_attributes.model.deferred_attributes,

lib/rbx_loader/src/union.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-use rbx_mesh::mesh_data::{NormalId2 as MeshDataNormalId2,VertexId as MeshDataVertexId};
+use crate::loader::MeshWithSize;
+use crate::rbx::RobloxPartDescription;
+use crate::primitives::{CUBE_DEFAULT_VERTICES,CUBE_DEFAULT_POLYS};
+
+use rbx_mesh::mesh_data::{VertexId as MeshDataVertexId,NormalId2 as MeshDataNormalId2};
 use rbx_mesh::physics_data::VertexId as PhysicsDataVertexId;
 use strafesnet_common::model::{self,IndexedVertex,PolygonGroup,PolygonGroupId,PolygonList,RenderConfigId};
 use strafesnet_common::integer::vec3;
@@ -57,10 +61,10 @@ pub fn convert(
 	roblox_physics_data:&[u8],
 	roblox_mesh_data:&[u8],
 	size:glam::Vec3,
-	crate::rbx::RobloxPartDescription(part_texture_description):crate::rbx::RobloxPartDescription,
-)->Result<model::Mesh,Error>{
+	RobloxPartDescription(part_texture_description):RobloxPartDescription,
+)->Result<MeshWithSize,Error>{
 	const NORMAL_FACES:usize=6;
-	let mut polygon_groups_normal_id=vec![Vec::new();NORMAL_FACES];
+	let mut polygon_groups_normal_id:[_;NORMAL_FACES]=[vec![],vec![],vec![],vec![],vec![],vec![]];
 
 	// build graphics and physics meshes
 	let mut mb=strafesnet_common::model::MeshBuilder::new();
@@ -80,6 +84,15 @@ pub fn convert(
 			rbx_mesh::mesh_data::MeshData::CSGMDL(rbx_mesh::mesh_data::CSGMDL::CSGMDL2(mesh_data2))=>mesh_data2.mesh,
 			rbx_mesh::mesh_data::MeshData::CSGMDL(rbx_mesh::mesh_data::CSGMDL::CSGMDL4(mesh_data4))=>mesh_data4.mesh,
 		};
+		//autoscale to size, idk what roblox is doing with the graphics mesh size
+		let mut pos_min=glam::Vec3::MAX;
+		let mut pos_max=glam::Vec3::MIN;
+		for vertex in &graphics_mesh.vertices{
+			let p=vertex.pos.into();
+			pos_min=pos_min.min(p);
+			pos_max=pos_max.max(p);
+		}
+		let graphics_size=pos_max-pos_min;
 		for [MeshDataVertexId(vertex_id0),MeshDataVertexId(vertex_id1),MeshDataVertexId(vertex_id2)] in graphics_mesh.faces{
 			let face=[
 				graphics_mesh.vertices.get(vertex_id0 as usize).ok_or(Error::MissingVertexId(vertex_id0))?,
@@ -89,7 +102,8 @@ pub fn convert(
 			let mut normal_agreement_checker=MeshDataNormalChecker::new();
 			let face=face.into_iter().map(|vertex|{
 				normal_agreement_checker.check(vertex.normal_id);
-				let pos=mb.acquire_pos_id(vec3::try_from_f32_array(vertex.pos)?);
+				let pos=glam::Vec3::from_array(vertex.pos)/graphics_size;
+				let pos=mb.acquire_pos_id(vec3::try_from_f32_array(pos.to_array())?);
 				let normal=mb.acquire_normal_id(vec3::try_from_f32_array(vertex.norm)?);
 				let tex_coord=glam::Vec2::from_array(vertex.tex);
 				let maybe_face_description=&cube_face_description[vertex.normal_id as usize-1];
@@ -126,7 +140,11 @@ pub fn convert(
 	};
 
 	//physics
-	let physics_convex_meshes=if !roblox_physics_data.is_empty(){
+	let polygon_groups_normal_it=polygon_groups_normal_id.into_iter().map(|faces|
+		// graphics polygon groups (to be rendered)
+		Ok(PolygonGroup::PolygonList(PolygonList::new(faces)))
+	);
+	let polygon_groups:Vec<PolygonGroup>=if !roblox_physics_data.is_empty(){
 		let physics_data=rbx_mesh::read_physics_data_versioned(
 			std::io::Cursor::new(roblox_physics_data)
 		).map_err(Error::RobloxPhysicsData)?;
@@ -140,39 +158,48 @@ pub fn convert(
 			rbx_mesh::physics_data::PhysicsData::CSGPHS(rbx_mesh::physics_data::CSGPHS::PhysicsInfoMesh(pim))
 			=>vec![pim.mesh],
 		};
-		physics_convex_meshes
+		let physics_convex_meshes_it=physics_convex_meshes.into_iter().map(|mesh|{
+			// this can be factored out of the loop but I am lazy
+			let color=mb.acquire_color_id(glam::Vec4::ONE);
+			let tex=mb.acquire_tex_id(glam::Vec2::ZERO);
+			// physics polygon groups (to do physics)
+			Ok(PolygonGroup::PolygonList(PolygonList::new(mesh.faces.into_iter().map(|[PhysicsDataVertexId(vertex_id0),PhysicsDataVertexId(vertex_id1),PhysicsDataVertexId(vertex_id2)]|{
+				let face=[
+					mesh.vertices.get(vertex_id0 as usize).ok_or(Error::MissingVertexId(vertex_id0))?,
+					mesh.vertices.get(vertex_id1 as usize).ok_or(Error::MissingVertexId(vertex_id1))?,
+					mesh.vertices.get(vertex_id2 as usize).ok_or(Error::MissingVertexId(vertex_id2))?,
+				].map(|v|glam::Vec3::from_slice(v)/size);
+				let vertex_norm=(face[1]-face[0])
+				          .cross(face[2]-face[0]);
+				let normal=mb.acquire_normal_id(vec3::try_from_f32_array(vertex_norm.to_array()).map_err(Error::Planar64Vec3)?);
+				face.into_iter().map(|vertex_pos|{
+					let pos=mb.acquire_pos_id(vec3::try_from_f32_array(vertex_pos.to_array()).map_err(Error::Planar64Vec3)?);
+					Ok(mb.acquire_vertex_id(IndexedVertex{pos,tex,normal,color}))
+				}).collect()
+			}).collect::<Result<_,_>>()?)))
+		});
+		polygon_groups_normal_it.chain(physics_convex_meshes_it).collect::<Result<_,_>>()?
 	}else{
-		Vec::new()
-	};
-	let polygon_groups:Vec<PolygonGroup>=polygon_groups_normal_id.into_iter().map(|faces|
-		// graphics polygon groups (to be rendered)
-		Ok(PolygonGroup::PolygonList(PolygonList::new(faces)))
-	).chain(physics_convex_meshes.into_iter().map(|mesh|{
-		// this can be factored out of the loop but I am lazy
-		let color=mb.acquire_color_id(glam::Vec4::ONE);
+		// generate a unit cube as default physics
+		let pos_list=CUBE_DEFAULT_VERTICES.map(|pos|mb.acquire_pos_id(pos>>1));
 		let tex=mb.acquire_tex_id(glam::Vec2::ZERO);
-		// physics polygon groups (to do physics)
-		Ok(PolygonGroup::PolygonList(PolygonList::new(mesh.faces.into_iter().map(|[PhysicsDataVertexId(vertex_id0),PhysicsDataVertexId(vertex_id1),PhysicsDataVertexId(vertex_id2)]|{
-			let face=[
-				mesh.vertices.get(vertex_id0 as usize).ok_or(Error::MissingVertexId(vertex_id0))?,
-				mesh.vertices.get(vertex_id1 as usize).ok_or(Error::MissingVertexId(vertex_id1))?,
-				mesh.vertices.get(vertex_id2 as usize).ok_or(Error::MissingVertexId(vertex_id2))?,
-			].map(|v|glam::Vec3::from_slice(v)/size);
-			let vertex_norm=(face[1]-face[0])
-			          .cross(face[2]-face[0]);
-			let normal=mb.acquire_normal_id(vec3::try_from_f32_array(vertex_norm.to_array()).map_err(Error::Planar64Vec3)?);
-			face.into_iter().map(|vertex_pos|{
-				let pos=mb.acquire_pos_id(vec3::try_from_f32_array(vertex_pos.to_array()).map_err(Error::Planar64Vec3)?);
-				Ok(mb.acquire_vertex_id(IndexedVertex{pos,tex,normal,color}))
-			}).collect()
-		}).collect::<Result<_,_>>()?)))
-	})).collect::<Result<_,_>>()?;
+		let normal=mb.acquire_normal_id(vec3::ZERO);
+		let color=mb.acquire_color_id(glam::Vec4::ONE);
+		let polygon_group=PolygonGroup::PolygonList(PolygonList::new(CUBE_DEFAULT_POLYS.map(|poly|poly.map(|[pos_id,_]|
+			mb.acquire_vertex_id(IndexedVertex{pos:pos_list[pos_id as usize],tex,normal,color})
+		).to_vec()).to_vec()));
+		polygon_groups_normal_it.chain([Ok(polygon_group)]).collect::<Result<_,_>>()?
+	};
 	let physics_groups=(NORMAL_FACES..polygon_groups.len()).map(|id|model::IndexedPhysicsGroup{
 		groups:vec![PolygonGroupId::new(id as u32)]
 	}).collect();
-	Ok(mb.build(
+	let mesh=mb.build(
 		polygon_groups,
 		graphics_groups,
 		physics_groups,
-	))
+	);
+	Ok(MeshWithSize{
+		mesh,
+		size:vec3::ONE,
+	})
 }

lib/roblox_emulator/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "roblox_emulator"
-version = "0.4.7"
+version = "0.5.0"
 edition = "2024"
 repository = "https://git.itzana.me/StrafesNET/strafe-project"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ run-service=[]
 glam = "0.30.0"
 mlua = { version = "0.10.1", features = ["luau"] }
 phf = { version = "0.11.2", features = ["macros"] }
-rbx_dom_weak = { version = "3.1.0-sn1", registry = "strafesnet"}
+rbx_dom_weak = { version = "3.1.0-sn4", registry = "strafesnet", features = ["instance-userdata"] }
 rbx_reflection = "5.0.0"
 rbx_reflection_database = "1.0.0"
 rbx_types = "2.0.0"

lib/roblox_emulator/src/context.rs

@@ -1,94 +1,113 @@
-use crate::types::WeakDom;
-use rbx_dom_weak::{types::Ref,ustr,InstanceBuilder};
+use crate::util::static_ustr;
+use rbx_dom_weak::{types::Ref,InstanceBuilder,WeakDom};
 
-pub fn class_is_a(class:&str,superclass:&str)->bool{
-	class==superclass
-	||rbx_reflection_database::get().classes.get(class)
-	.is_some_and(|descriptor|
-		descriptor.superclass.as_ref().is_some_and(|class_super|
-			class_is_a(class_super,superclass)
-		)
-	)
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ServicesError{
+	WorkspaceNotFound,
+}
+impl std::fmt::Display for ServicesError{
+	fn fmt(&self,f:&mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>)->std::fmt::Result{
+		write!(f,"{self:?}")
+	}
+}
+impl std::error::Error for ServicesError{}
+
+pub struct Services{
+	pub(crate) game:Ref,
+	pub(crate) workspace:Ref,
 }
 
-#[repr(transparent)]
+impl Services{
+	fn find_services(dom:&WeakDom)->Result<Services,ServicesError>{
+		Ok(Services{
+			workspace:*dom.root().children().iter().find(|&&r|
+				dom.get_by_ref(r).is_some_and(|instance|instance.class=="Workspace")
+			).ok_or(ServicesError::WorkspaceNotFound)?,
+			game:dom.root_ref(),
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+pub type LuaAppData=&'static mut WeakDom;
 pub struct Context{
 	pub(crate)dom:WeakDom,
+	pub(crate)services:Services,
 }
 
 impl Context{
-	pub const fn new(dom:WeakDom)->Self{
-		Self{dom}
+	pub fn from_place(dom:WeakDom)->Result<Context,ServicesError>{
+		let services=Services::find_services(&dom)?;
+		Ok(Self{dom,services})
 	}
-	pub fn script_singleton(source:String)->(Context,crate::runner::instance::InstanceRef,Services){
+	pub fn script_singleton(source:String)->(Context,crate::runner::instance::Instance){
 		let script=InstanceBuilder::new("Script")
 			.with_property("Source",rbx_types::Variant::String(source));
 		let script_ref=script.referent();
-		let mut context=Self::new(WeakDom::new(
+		let dom=WeakDom::new(
 			InstanceBuilder::new("DataModel")
 			.with_child(script)
-		));
-		let services=context.convert_into_place();
-		(context,crate::runner::instance::InstanceRef::new(script_ref),services)
-	}
-	pub fn from_ref(dom:&WeakDom)->&Context{
-		unsafe{&*(dom as *const WeakDom as *const Context)}
-	}
-	pub fn from_mut(dom:&mut WeakDom)->&mut Context{
-		unsafe{&mut *(dom as *mut WeakDom as *mut Context)}
+		);
+		let context=Self::from_model(dom);
+		(context,crate::runner::instance::Instance::new_unchecked(script_ref))
 	}
 	/// Creates an iterator over all items of a particular class.
 	pub fn superclass_iter<'a>(&'a self,superclass:&'a str)->impl Iterator<Item=Ref>+'a{
-		self.dom.descendants().filter(|&instance|
-			class_is_a(instance.as_ref().class.as_ref(),superclass)
-		).map(|instance|instance.as_ref().referent())
-	}
-	pub fn scripts(&self)->Vec<crate::runner::instance::InstanceRef>{
-		self.superclass_iter("LuaSourceContainer").map(crate::runner::instance::InstanceRef::new).collect()
-	}
-
-	pub fn find_services(&self)->Option<Services>{
-		Some(Services{
-			workspace:*self.dom.root().as_ref().children().iter().find(|&&r|
-				self.dom.get_by_ref(r).is_some_and(|instance|instance.as_ref().class=="Workspace")
-			)?,
-			game:self.dom.root_ref(),
+		let db=rbx_reflection_database::get();
+		let Some(superclass)=db.classes.get(superclass)else{
+			panic!("Invalid class");
+		};
+		self.dom.descendants().filter_map(|instance|{
+			let class=db.classes.get(instance.class.as_str())?;
+			db.has_superclass(class,superclass).then(||instance.referent())
 		})
 	}
-	pub fn convert_into_place(&mut self)->Services{
+	pub fn scripts(&self)->Vec<crate::runner::instance::Instance>{
+		self.superclass_iter("Script")
+			.filter_map(|script_ref|{
+				let script=self.dom.get_by_ref(script_ref)?;
+				if let None|Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Bool(false))=script.properties.get(&static_ustr("Disabled")){
+					return Some(crate::runner::instance::Instance::new_unchecked(script_ref));
+				}
+				None
+			})
+			.collect()
+	}
+
+	pub fn from_model(mut dom:WeakDom)->Context{
 		//snapshot root instances
-		let children=self.dom.root().as_ref().children().to_owned();
+		let children=dom.root().children().to_owned();
 
 		//insert services
-		let game=self.dom.root_ref();
+		let game=dom.root_ref();
 		let terrain_bldr=InstanceBuilder::new("Terrain");
-		let workspace=self.dom.insert(game,
+		let workspace=dom.insert(game,
 			InstanceBuilder::new("Workspace")
 				//Set Workspace.Terrain property equal to Terrain
 				.with_property("Terrain",terrain_bldr.referent())
 				.with_child(terrain_bldr)
 		);
-		{
-			//Lowercase and upper case workspace property!
-			let game=self.dom.root_mut().as_mut();
-			game.properties.insert(ustr("workspace"),rbx_types::Variant::Ref(workspace));
-			game.properties.insert(ustr("Workspace"),rbx_types::Variant::Ref(workspace));
-		}
-		self.dom.insert(game,InstanceBuilder::new("Lighting"));
 
 		//transfer original root instances into workspace
 		for instance in children{
-			self.dom.transfer_within(instance,workspace);
+			dom.transfer_within(instance,workspace);
 		}
 
-		Services{
-			game,
-			workspace,
+		{
+			//Lowercase and upper case workspace property!
+			let game=dom.root_mut();
+			// TODO: DELETE THIS!
+			game.properties.insert(static_ustr("workspace"),rbx_types::Variant::Ref(workspace));
+			game.properties.insert(static_ustr("Workspace"),rbx_types::Variant::Ref(workspace));
 		}
+		dom.insert(game,InstanceBuilder::new("Lighting"));
+
+		let services=Services{game,workspace};
+		Self{dom,services}
 	}
 }
 
-pub struct Services{
-	pub game:Ref,
-	pub workspace:Ref,
+impl AsRef<WeakDom> for Context{
+	fn as_ref(&self)->&WeakDom{
+		&self.dom
+	}
 }

lib/roblox_emulator/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-pub mod types;
+mod util;
 pub mod runner;
 pub mod context;
 #[cfg(feature="run-service")]
@@ -6,3 +6,7 @@ pub(crate) mod scheduler;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
+
+pub mod mlua{
+	pub use mlua::{Result,Error};
+}

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/brickcolor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+use super::color3::Color3;
+
+#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
+pub struct BrickColor(rbx_types::BrickColor);
+impl BrickColor{
+	pub fn from_name(name:&str)->Option<Self>{
+		Some(BrickColor(rbx_types::BrickColor::from_name(name)?))
+	}
+	pub fn from_number(number:u16)->Option<Self>{
+		Some(BrickColor(rbx_types::BrickColor::from_number(number)?))
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
+
+	table.raw_set("new",
+		lua.create_function(|_,r:mlua::Value|
+			match r{
+				mlua::Value::String(name)=>Ok(BrickColor::from_name(&*name.to_str()?)),
+				mlua::Value::Integer(number)=>Ok(BrickColor::from_number(number as u16)),
+				_=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime("Unsupported arguments"))
+			}
+
+		)?
+	)?;
+
+	macro_rules! brickcolor_constructor{
+		($fname:expr,$internal:ident)=>{
+			table.raw_set($fname,
+				lua.create_function(|_,_:()|
+					Ok(BrickColor(rbx_types::BrickColor::$internal))
+				)?
+			)?;
+		};
+	}
+	brickcolor_constructor!("White",White);
+	brickcolor_constructor!("Gray",MediumStoneGrey);
+	brickcolor_constructor!("DarkGray",DarkStoneGrey);
+	brickcolor_constructor!("Black",Black);
+	brickcolor_constructor!("Red",BrightRed);
+	brickcolor_constructor!("Yellow",BrightYellow);
+	brickcolor_constructor!("Green",DarkGreen);
+	brickcolor_constructor!("Blue",BrightBlue);
+
+	globals.set("BrickColor",table)?;
+
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+impl mlua::UserData for BrickColor{
+	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields:&mut F){
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Color",|_,BrickColor(this)|{
+			let rbx_types::Color3uint8{r,g,b}=this.to_color3uint8();
+			Ok(Color3::from_rgb(r,g,b))
+		});
+	}
+}
+type_from_lua_userdata!(BrickColor);

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/cframe.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+use mlua::FromLua;
+
+use super::number::Number;
 use super::vector3::Vector3;
 
 #[derive(Clone,Copy)]
-pub struct CFrame(pub(crate)glam::Affine3A);
+pub struct CFrame(glam::Affine3A);
 
 impl CFrame{
 	pub fn new(
@@ -34,14 +37,14 @@ fn vec3_from_glam(v:rbx_types::Vector3)->glam::Vec3A{
 	glam::vec3a(v.x,v.y,v.z)
 }
 
-impl Into<rbx_types::CFrame> for CFrame{
-	fn into(self)->rbx_types::CFrame{
+impl From<CFrame> for rbx_types::CFrame{
+	fn from(CFrame(cf):CFrame)->rbx_types::CFrame{
 		rbx_types::CFrame::new(
-			vec3_to_glam(self.0.translation),
+			vec3_to_glam(cf.translation),
 			rbx_types::Matrix3::new(
-				vec3_to_glam(self.0.matrix3.x_axis),
-				vec3_to_glam(self.0.matrix3.y_axis),
-				vec3_to_glam(self.0.matrix3.z_axis),
+				vec3_to_glam(cf.matrix3.x_axis),
+				vec3_to_glam(cf.matrix3.y_axis),
+				vec3_to_glam(cf.matrix3.z_axis),
 			)
 		)
 	}
@@ -60,16 +63,25 @@ impl From<rbx_types::CFrame> for CFrame{
 }
 
 pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
-	let cframe_table=lua.create_table()?;
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
 
 	//CFrame.new
-	cframe_table.raw_set("new",
-		lua.create_function(|_,tuple:(
-			mlua::Value,mlua::Value,Option<f32>,
-			Option<f32>,Option<f32>,Option<f32>,
-			Option<f32>,Option<f32>,Option<f32>,
-			Option<f32>,Option<f32>,Option<f32>,
+	table.raw_set("new",
+		lua.create_function(|lua,tuple:(
+			mlua::Value,mlua::Value,Option<Number>,
+			Option<Number>,Option<Number>,Option<Number>,
+			Option<Number>,Option<Number>,Option<Number>,
+			Option<Number>,Option<Number>,Option<Number>,
 		)|match tuple{
+			//CFrame.new()
+			(
+				mlua::Value::Nil,mlua::Value::Nil,None,
+				None,None,None,
+				None,None,None,
+				None,None,None,
+			)=>{
+				Ok(CFrame(glam::Affine3A::IDENTITY))
+			},
 			//CFrame.new(pos)
 			(
 				mlua::Value::UserData(pos),mlua::Value::Nil,None,
@@ -77,8 +89,8 @@ pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
 				None,None,None,
 				None,None,None,
 			)=>{
-				let pos:Vector3=pos.take()?;
-				Ok(CFrame::point(pos.0.x,pos.0.y,pos.0.z))
+				let Vector3(pos):&Vector3=&*pos.borrow()?;
+				Ok(CFrame::point(pos.x,pos.y,pos.z))
 			},
 			//TODO: CFrame.new(pos,look)
 			(
@@ -87,85 +99,99 @@ pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
 				None,None,None,
 				None,None,None,
 			)=>{
-				let _pos:Vector3=pos.take()?;
-				let _look:Vector3=look.take()?;
+				let _pos:&Vector3=&*pos.borrow()?;
+				let _look:&Vector3=&*look.borrow()?;
 				Err(mlua::Error::runtime("Not yet implemented"))
 			},
 			//CFrame.new(x,y,z)
 			(
-				mlua::Value::Number(x),mlua::Value::Number(y),Some(z),
+				x,y,Some(z),
 				None,None,None,
 				None,None,None,
 				None,None,None,
-			)=>Ok(CFrame::point(x as f32,y as f32,z)),
+			)=>Ok(CFrame::point(Number::from_lua(x,lua)?.into(),Number::from_lua(y,lua)?.into(),z.into())),
 			//CFrame.new(x,y,z,xx,yx,zx,xy,yy,zy,xz,yz,zz)
 			(
-				mlua::Value::Number(x),mlua::Value::Number(y),Some(z),
+				x,y,Some(z),
 				Some(xx),Some(yx),Some(zx),
 				Some(xy),Some(yy),Some(zy),
 				Some(xz),Some(yz),Some(zz),
-			)=>Ok(CFrame::new(x as f32,y as f32,z,
-				xx,yx,zx,
-				xy,yy,zy,
-				xz,yz,zz,
+			)=>Ok(CFrame::new(Number::from_lua(x,lua)?.into(),Number::from_lua(y,lua)?.into(),z.into(),
+				xx.into(),yx.into(),zx.into(),
+				xy.into(),yy.into(),zy.into(),
+				xz.into(),yz.into(),zz.into(),
 			)),
 			_=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime("Invalid arguments"))
 		})?
 	)?;
 
 	//CFrame.Angles
-	cframe_table.raw_set("Angles",
-		lua.create_function(|_,(x,y,z):(f32,f32,f32)|
-			Ok(CFrame::angles(x,y,z))
-		)?
+	let from_euler_angles=lua.create_function(|_,(x,y,z):(Number,Number,Number)|
+		Ok(CFrame::angles(x.into(),y.into(),z.into()))
 	)?;
+	table.raw_set("Angles",from_euler_angles.clone())?;
+	table.raw_set("fromEulerAnglesXYZ",from_euler_angles.clone())?;
+	table.raw_set("FromEulerAnglesXYZ",from_euler_angles)?;
 
-	globals.set("CFrame",cframe_table)?;
+	globals.set("CFrame",table)?;
 
 	Ok(())
 }
 
 impl mlua::UserData for CFrame{
 	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields:&mut F){
-		//CFrame.p
-		fields.add_field_method_get("p",|_,this|Ok(Vector3(this.0.translation)));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("p",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(Vector3(this.translation)));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("x",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(this.translation.x));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("X",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(this.translation.x));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("y",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(this.translation.y));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Y",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(this.translation.y));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("z",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(this.translation.z));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Z",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(this.translation.z));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("rightVector",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(Vector3(this.matrix3.x_axis)));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("RightVector",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(Vector3(this.matrix3.x_axis)));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("upVector",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(Vector3(this.matrix3.y_axis)));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("UpVector",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(Vector3(this.matrix3.y_axis)));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("lookVector",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(Vector3(-this.matrix3.z_axis)));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("LookVector",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(Vector3(-this.matrix3.z_axis)));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("XVector",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(Vector3(this.matrix3.row(0))));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("YVector",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(Vector3(this.matrix3.row(1))));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("ZVector",|_,CFrame(this)|Ok(Vector3(this.matrix3.row(2))));
 	}
 
 	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods:&mut M){
-		methods.add_method("components",|_,this,()|Ok((
-			this.0.translation.x,
-			this.0.translation.y,
-			this.0.translation.z,
-			this.0.matrix3.x_axis.x,
-			this.0.matrix3.y_axis.x,
-			this.0.matrix3.z_axis.x,
-			this.0.matrix3.x_axis.y,
-			this.0.matrix3.y_axis.y,
-			this.0.matrix3.z_axis.y,
-			this.0.matrix3.x_axis.z,
-			this.0.matrix3.y_axis.z,
-			this.0.matrix3.z_axis.z,
+		methods.add_method("components",|_,CFrame(this),()|Ok((
+			this.translation.x,
+			this.translation.y,
+			this.translation.z,
+			this.matrix3.x_axis.x,
+			this.matrix3.y_axis.x,
+			this.matrix3.z_axis.x,
+			this.matrix3.x_axis.y,
+			this.matrix3.y_axis.y,
+			this.matrix3.z_axis.y,
+			this.matrix3.x_axis.z,
+			this.matrix3.y_axis.z,
+			this.matrix3.z_axis.z,
 		)));
-		methods.add_method("VectorToWorldSpace",|_,this,v:Vector3|
-			Ok(Vector3(this.0.transform_vector3a(v.0)))
+		methods.add_method("VectorToWorldSpace",|_,CFrame(this),Vector3(v):Vector3|
+			Ok(Vector3(this.transform_vector3a(v)))
 		);
 
-		//methods.add_meta_method(mlua::MetaMethod::Mul,|_,this,val:&Vector3|Ok(Vector3(this.0.matrix3*val.0+this.0.translation)));
-		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Mul,|_,(this,val):(Self,Self)|Ok(Self(this.0*val.0)));
-		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::ToString,|_,this:Self|
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Mul,|_,(CFrame(this),CFrame(val)):(Self,Self)|Ok(Self(this*val)));
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::ToString,|_,CFrame(this):Self|
 			Ok(format!("CFrame.new({},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{})",
-				this.0.translation.x,
-				this.0.translation.y,
-				this.0.translation.z,
-				this.0.matrix3.x_axis.x,
-				this.0.matrix3.y_axis.x,
-				this.0.matrix3.z_axis.x,
-				this.0.matrix3.x_axis.y,
-				this.0.matrix3.y_axis.y,
-				this.0.matrix3.z_axis.y,
-				this.0.matrix3.x_axis.z,
-				this.0.matrix3.y_axis.z,
-				this.0.matrix3.z_axis.z,
+				this.translation.x,
+				this.translation.y,
+				this.translation.z,
+				this.matrix3.x_axis.x,
+				this.matrix3.y_axis.x,
+				this.matrix3.z_axis.x,
+				this.matrix3.x_axis.y,
+				this.matrix3.y_axis.y,
+				this.matrix3.z_axis.y,
+				this.matrix3.x_axis.z,
+				this.matrix3.y_axis.z,
+				this.matrix3.z_axis.z,
 			))
 		);
 	}

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/color3.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use super::number::Number;
+
 #[derive(Clone,Copy)]
 pub struct Color3{
 	r:f32,
@@ -8,28 +10,37 @@ impl Color3{
 	pub const fn new(r:f32,g:f32,b:f32)->Self{
 		Self{r,g,b}
 	}
+	pub const fn from_rgb(r:u8,g:u8,b:u8)->Self{
+		Color3::new(r as f32/255.0,g as f32/255.0,b as f32/255.0)
+	}
 }
-impl Into<rbx_types::Color3> for Color3{
-	fn into(self)->rbx_types::Color3{
-		rbx_types::Color3::new(self.r,self.g,self.b)
+impl From<rbx_types::Color3> for Color3{
+	fn from(value:rbx_types::Color3)->Color3{
+		Color3::new(value.r,value.g,value.b)
+	}
+}
+impl From<Color3> for rbx_types::Color3{
+	fn from(value:Color3)->rbx_types::Color3{
+		rbx_types::Color3::new(value.r,value.g,value.b)
 	}
 }
 
 pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
-	let color3_table=lua.create_table()?;
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
 
-	color3_table.raw_set("new",
-		lua.create_function(|_,(r,g,b):(f32,f32,f32)|
-			Ok(Color3::new(r,g,b))
-		)?
-	)?;
-	color3_table.raw_set("fromRGB",
-		lua.create_function(|_,(r,g,b):(u8,u8,u8)|
-			Ok(Color3::new(r as f32/255.0,g as f32/255.0,b as f32/255.0))
+	table.raw_set("new",
+		lua.create_function(|_,(r,g,b):(Number,Number,Number)|
+			Ok(Color3::new(r.into(),g.into(),b.into()))
 		)?
 	)?;
 
-	globals.set("Color3",color3_table)?;
+	let from_rgb=lua.create_function(|_,(r,g,b):(u8,u8,u8)|
+		Ok(Color3::from_rgb(r,g,b))
+	)?;
+	table.raw_set("fromRGB",from_rgb.clone())?;
+	table.raw_set("FromRGB",from_rgb)?;
+
+	globals.set("Color3",table)?;
 
 	Ok(())
 }

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/color_sequence.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,29 @@
-#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
-pub struct ColorSequence{}
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ColorSequence(rbx_types::ColorSequence);
 impl ColorSequence{
-	pub const fn new()->Self{
-		Self{}
+	pub const fn new(keypoints:Vec<rbx_types::ColorSequenceKeypoint>)->Self{
+		Self(rbx_types::ColorSequence{keypoints})
 	}
 }
-impl Into<rbx_types::ColorSequence> for ColorSequence{
-	fn into(self)->rbx_types::ColorSequence{
-		rbx_types::ColorSequence{
-			keypoints:Vec::new()
-		}
+impl From<ColorSequence> for rbx_types::ColorSequence{
+	fn from(ColorSequence(value):ColorSequence)->rbx_types::ColorSequence{
+		value
 	}
 }
 
 pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
-	let number_sequence_table=lua.create_table()?;
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
 
-	number_sequence_table.raw_set("new",
+	table.raw_set("new",
 		lua.create_function(|_,_:mlua::MultiValue|
-			Ok(ColorSequence::new())
+			Ok(ColorSequence::new(Vec::new()))
 		)?
 	)?;
 
-	globals.set("ColorSequence",number_sequence_table)?;
+	globals.set("ColorSequence",table)?;
 
 	Ok(())
 }
 
 impl mlua::UserData for ColorSequence{}
-type_from_lua_userdata!(ColorSequence);
+type_from_lua_userdata_clone!(ColorSequence);

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/enum.rs

@@ -1,63 +1,136 @@
-use mlua::IntoLua;
-
-#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
-pub struct Enum(u32);
-#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
-pub struct EnumItems;
 #[derive(Clone,Copy)]
 pub struct EnumItem<'a>{
-	ed:&'a rbx_reflection::EnumDescriptor<'a>,
+	name:Option<&'a str>,
+	value:u32,
 }
-
-impl Into<rbx_types::Enum> for Enum{
-	fn into(self)->rbx_types::Enum{
-		rbx_types::Enum::from_u32(self.0)
+impl<'a> EnumItem<'a>{
+	fn known_name((name,&value):(&'a std::borrow::Cow<'a,str>,&u32))->Self{
+		Self{name:Some(name.as_ref()),value}
+	}
+}
+impl<'a> From<rbx_types::Enum> for EnumItem<'a>{
+	fn from(e:rbx_types::Enum)->Self{
+		EnumItem{
+			name:None,
+			value:e.to_u32(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+impl From<EnumItem<'_>> for rbx_types::Enum{
+	fn from(e:EnumItem)->rbx_types::Enum{
+		rbx_types::Enum::from_u32(e.value)
+	}
+}
+impl PartialEq for EnumItem<'_>{
+	fn eq(&self,other:&EnumItem<'_>)->bool{
+		self.value==other.value&&{
+			// if both names are known, they must match, otherwise whatever
+			match (self.name,other.name){
+				(Some(lhs),Some(rhs))=>lhs==rhs,
+				_=>true,
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a> EnumItem<'a>{
-	const fn new(ed:&'a rbx_reflection::EnumDescriptor)->Self{
-		Self{ed}
+#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
+pub struct Enums;
+impl Enums{
+	pub fn get(&self,index:&str)->Option<EnumItems<'static>>{
+		let db=rbx_reflection_database::get();
+		db.enums.get(index).map(|ed|EnumItems{ed})
+	}
+}
+#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
+pub struct EnumItems<'a>{
+	ed:&'a rbx_reflection::EnumDescriptor<'a>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> EnumItems<'a>{
+	pub fn from_value(&self,value:u32)->Option<EnumItem<'a>>{
+		self.ed.items.iter().find(|&(_,&v)|v==value).map(EnumItem::known_name)
+	}
+	pub fn from_name(&self,name:&str)->Option<EnumItem<'a>>{
+		self.ed.items.get_key_value(name).map(EnumItem::known_name)
+	}
+	pub fn from_enum(&self,enum_item:EnumItem)->Option<EnumItem<'a>>{
+		match enum_item.name{
+			Some(s)=>{
+				let got=self.from_name(s)?;
+				(got.value==enum_item.value).then_some(got)
+			},
+			None=>self.from_value(enum_item.value)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pub enum CoerceEnum<'a>{
+	Integer(i32),
+	String(mlua::String),
+	Enum(EnumItem<'a>),
+}
+impl CoerceEnum<'_>{
+	pub fn coerce_to<'a>(self,enum_items:EnumItems<'a>)->mlua::Result<EnumItem<'a>>{
+		match self{
+			CoerceEnum::Integer(int)=>enum_items.from_value(int as u32),
+			CoerceEnum::String(s)=>enum_items.from_name(&*s.to_str()?),
+			CoerceEnum::Enum(enum_item)=>enum_items.from_enum(enum_item),
+		}.ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Bad {} EnumItem",enum_items.ed.name)))
+	}
+}
+
+impl mlua::FromLua for CoerceEnum<'_>{
+	fn from_lua(value:mlua::Value,_lua:&mlua::Lua)->Result<Self,mlua::Error>{
+		match value{
+			mlua::Value::Integer(int)=>Ok(CoerceEnum::Integer(int)),
+			mlua::Value::String(s)=>Ok(CoerceEnum::String(s)),
+			mlua::Value::UserData(ud)=>Ok(CoerceEnum::Enum(*ud.borrow()?)),
+			other=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Expected {} got {:?}",stringify!(Enum),other))),
+		}
 	}
 }
 
 pub fn set_globals(_lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
-	globals.set("Enum",EnumItems)
+	globals.set("Enum",Enums)
 }
 
-impl mlua::UserData for EnumItem<'_>{
+impl mlua::UserData for EnumItems<'static>{
 	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(_fields:&mut F){
 	}
 	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods:&mut M){
-		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Index,|lua,(this,val):(EnumItem<'_>,mlua::String)|{
-			match this.ed.items.get(&*val.to_str()?){
-				Some(&id)=>Enum(id).into_lua(lua),
-				None=>mlua::Value::Nil.into_lua(lua),
-			}
+		methods.add_method("FromName",|_,this:&EnumItems,name:mlua::String|Ok(this.from_name(&*name.to_str()?)));
+		methods.add_method("FromValue",|_,this:&EnumItems,value:u32|Ok(this.from_value(value)));
+		methods.add_method("GetEnumItems",|_,this:&EnumItems,()|->mlua::Result<Vec<EnumItem>>{
+			Ok(this.ed.items.iter().map(EnumItem::known_name).collect())
+		});
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Index,|_,(this,val):(EnumItems,mlua::String)|{
+			let index=&*val.to_str()?;
+			Ok(this.ed.items.get_key_value(index).map(EnumItem::known_name))
+		});
+	}
+}
+type_from_lua_userdata_lua_lifetime!(EnumItems);
+
+impl mlua::UserData for Enums{
+	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(_fields:&mut F){
+	}
+	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods:&mut M){
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Index,|_,(enums,val):(Self,mlua::String)|{
+			Ok(enums.get(&*val.to_str()?))
+		});
+	}
+}
+type_from_lua_userdata!(Enums);
+
+impl mlua::UserData for EnumItem<'_>{
+	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields:&mut F){
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Name",|_,this|Ok(this.name));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Value",|_,this|Ok(this.value));
+	}
+	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods:&mut M){
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Eq,|_,(lhs,rhs):(EnumItem<'_>,EnumItem<'_>)|{
+			Ok(lhs==rhs)
 		});
 	}
 }
 type_from_lua_userdata_lua_lifetime!(EnumItem);
-
-impl mlua::UserData for EnumItems{
-	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(_fields:&mut F){
-	}
-	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods:&mut M){
-		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Index,|lua,(_,val):(Self,mlua::String)|{
-			let db=rbx_reflection_database::get();
-			match db.enums.get(&*val.to_str()?){
-				Some(ed)=>EnumItem::new(ed).into_lua(lua),
-				None=>mlua::Value::Nil.into_lua(lua),
-			}
-		});
-	}
-}
-type_from_lua_userdata!(EnumItems);
-
-impl mlua::UserData for Enum{
-	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(_fields:&mut F){
-	}
-	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(_methods:&mut M){
-	}
-}
-type_from_lua_userdata!(Enum);

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/instance/instance.rs

@@ -2,54 +2,51 @@ use std::collections::{hash_map::Entry,HashMap};
 
 use mlua::{FromLua,FromLuaMulti,IntoLua,IntoLuaMulti};
 use rbx_types::Ref;
-use rbx_dom_weak::{ustr,Ustr,InstanceBuilder};
+use rbx_dom_weak::{Ustr,InstanceBuilder,WeakDom};
 
+use crate::util::static_ustr;
 use crate::runner::vector3::Vector3;
-use crate::types::{WeakDom,Instance};
+use crate::runner::number::Number;
 
 pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
 	//class functions store
 	lua.set_app_data(ClassMethodsStore::default());
 
-	let instance_table=lua.create_table()?;
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
 
 	//Instance.new
-	instance_table.raw_set("new",
-		lua.create_function(|lua,(class_name,parent):(mlua::String,Option<InstanceRef>)|{
+	table.raw_set("new",
+		lua.create_function(|lua,(class_name,parent):(mlua::String,Option<Instance>)|{
 			let class_name_str=&*class_name.to_str()?;
-			let parent=parent.ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Nil Parent not yet supported"))?;
+			let parent_ref=parent.map_or(Ref::none(),|instance|instance.referent);
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				//TODO: Nil instances
-				Ok(InstanceRef::new(dom.insert(parent.referent,InstanceBuilder::new(class_name_str))))
+				Ok(Instance::new_unchecked(dom.insert(parent_ref,InstanceBuilder::new(class_name_str))))
 			})
 		})?
 	)?;
 
-	globals.set("Instance",instance_table)?;
+	globals.set("Instance",table)?;
 
 	Ok(())
 }
 
 // LMAO look at this function!
 pub fn dom_mut<T>(lua:&mlua::Lua,mut f:impl FnMut(&mut WeakDom)->mlua::Result<T>)->mlua::Result<T>{
-	let mut dom=lua.app_data_mut::<&'static mut WeakDom>().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("DataModel missing"))?;
+	let mut dom=lua.app_data_mut::<crate::context::LuaAppData>().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("DataModel missing"))?;
 	f(*dom)
 }
 
-fn coerce_float32(value:&mlua::Value)->Option<f32>{
-	match value{
-		&mlua::Value::Integer(i)=>Some(i as f32),
-		&mlua::Value::Number(f)=>Some(f as f32),
-		_=>None,
-	}
+pub fn class_is_a(class:&str,superclass:&str)->bool{
+	let db=rbx_reflection_database::get();
+	let (Some(class),Some(superclass))=(db.classes.get(class),db.classes.get(superclass))else{
+		return false;
+	};
+	db.has_superclass(class,superclass)
 }
-
-fn get_full_name(dom:&WeakDom,instance:&Instance)->String{
-	let instance=instance.as_ref();
+fn get_full_name(dom:&rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom,instance:&rbx_dom_weak::Instance)->String{
 	let mut full_name=instance.name.clone();
 	let mut pref=instance.parent();
 	while let Some(parent)=dom.get_by_ref(pref){
-		let parent=parent.as_ref();
 		full_name.insert(0,'.');
 		full_name.insert_str(0,parent.name.as_str());
 		pref=parent.parent();
@@ -57,10 +54,10 @@ fn get_full_name(dom:&WeakDom,instance:&Instance)->String{
 	full_name
 }
 //helper function for script
-pub fn get_name_source(lua:&mlua::Lua,script:InstanceRef)->Result<(String,String),mlua::Error>{
+pub fn get_name_source(lua:&mlua::Lua,script:Instance)->Result<(String,String),mlua::Error>{
 	dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
 		let instance=script.get(dom)?;
-		let source=match instance.as_ref().properties.get(&ustr("Source")){
+		let source=match instance.properties.get(&static_ustr("Source")){
 			Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::String(s))=>s.clone(),
 			_=>Err(mlua::Error::external("Missing script.Source"))?,
 		};
@@ -68,61 +65,83 @@ pub fn get_name_source(lua:&mlua::Lua,script:InstanceRef)->Result<(String,String
 	})
 }
 
-pub fn find_first_child<'a>(dom:&'a WeakDom,instance:&Instance,name:&str)->Option<&'a Instance>{
-	instance.as_ref().children().iter().filter_map(|&r|dom.get_by_ref(r)).find(|inst|inst.as_ref().name==name)
+pub fn find_first_child<'a>(dom:&'a rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom,instance:&rbx_dom_weak::Instance,name:&str)->Option<&'a rbx_dom_weak::Instance>{
+	instance.children().iter().filter_map(|&r|dom.get_by_ref(r)).find(|inst|inst.name==name)
 }
-pub fn find_first_descendant<'a>(dom:&'a WeakDom,instance:&Instance,name:&str)->Option<&'a Instance>{
-	dom.descendants_of(instance.as_ref().referent()).find(|&inst|inst.as_ref().name==name)
+pub fn find_first_descendant<'a>(dom:&'a rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom,instance:&rbx_dom_weak::Instance,name:&str)->Option<&'a rbx_dom_weak::Instance>{
+	dom.descendants_of(instance.referent()).find(|&inst|inst.name==name)
 }
 
-pub fn find_first_child_of_class<'a>(dom:&'a WeakDom,instance:&Instance,class:&str)->Option<&'a Instance>{
-	instance.as_ref().children().iter().filter_map(|&r|dom.get_by_ref(r)).find(|inst|inst.as_ref().class==class)
+pub fn find_first_child_of_class<'a>(dom:&'a rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom,instance:&rbx_dom_weak::Instance,class:&str)->Option<&'a rbx_dom_weak::Instance>{
+	instance.children().iter().filter_map(|&r|dom.get_by_ref(r)).find(|inst|inst.class==class)
 }
-pub fn find_first_descendant_of_class<'a>(dom:&'a WeakDom,instance:&Instance,class:&str)->Option<&'a Instance>{
-	dom.descendants_of(instance.as_ref().referent()).find(|&inst|inst.as_ref().class==class)
+pub fn find_first_descendant_of_class<'a>(dom:&'a rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom,instance:&rbx_dom_weak::Instance,class:&str)->Option<&'a rbx_dom_weak::Instance>{
+	dom.descendants_of(instance.referent()).find(|&inst|inst.class==class)
+}
+
+pub fn find_first_child_which_is_a<'a>(dom:&'a rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom,instance:&rbx_dom_weak::Instance,superclass:&str)->Option<&'a rbx_dom_weak::Instance>{
+	let db=rbx_reflection_database::get();
+	let superclass_descriptor=db.classes.get(superclass)?;
+	instance.children().iter().filter_map(|&r|dom.get_by_ref(r)).find(|inst|{
+		db.classes.get(inst.class.as_str()).is_some_and(|descriptor|db.has_superclass(descriptor,superclass_descriptor))
+	})
+}
+pub fn find_first_descendant_which_is_a<'a>(dom:&'a rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom,instance:&rbx_dom_weak::Instance,superclass:&str)->Option<&'a rbx_dom_weak::Instance>{
+	let db=rbx_reflection_database::get();
+	let superclass_descriptor=db.classes.get(superclass)?;
+	dom.descendants_of(instance.referent()).find(|inst|{
+		db.classes.get(inst.class.as_str()).is_some_and(|descriptor|db.has_superclass(descriptor,superclass_descriptor))
+	})
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone,Copy)]
-pub struct InstanceRef{
+pub struct Instance{
 	referent:Ref,
 }
-impl InstanceRef{
-	pub const fn new(referent:Ref)->Self{
+impl Instance{
+	pub const fn new_unchecked(referent:Ref)->Self{
 		Self{referent}
 	}
-	pub fn get<'a>(&self,dom:&'a WeakDom)->mlua::Result<&'a Instance>{
+	pub fn new(referent:Ref)->Option<Self>{
+		referent.is_some().then_some(Self{referent})
+	}
+	pub fn get<'a>(&self,dom:&'a WeakDom)->mlua::Result<&'a rbx_dom_weak::Instance>{
 		dom.get_by_ref(self.referent).ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Instance missing"))
 	}
-	pub fn get_mut<'a>(&self,dom:&'a mut WeakDom)->mlua::Result<&'a mut Instance>{
+	pub fn get_mut<'a>(&self,dom:&'a mut WeakDom)->mlua::Result<&'a mut rbx_dom_weak::Instance>{
 		dom.get_by_ref_mut(self.referent).ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Instance missing"))
 	}
 }
-type_from_lua_userdata!(InstanceRef);
+type_from_lua_userdata!(Instance);
 
-impl mlua::UserData for InstanceRef{
+impl mlua::UserData for Instance{
 	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields:&mut F){
-		fields.add_field_method_get("Parent",|lua,this|{
+		fn get_parent(lua:&mlua::Lua,this:&Instance)->mlua::Result<Option<Instance>>{
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				let instance=this.get(dom)?.as_ref();
-				Ok(InstanceRef::new(instance.parent()))
+				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
+				Ok(Instance::new(instance.parent()))
 			})
-		});
-		fields.add_field_method_set("Parent",|lua,this,val:Option<InstanceRef>|{
-			let parent=val.ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Nil Parent not yet supported"))?;
+		}
+		fields.add_field_method_get("parent",get_parent);
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Parent",get_parent);
+		fn set_parent(lua:&mlua::Lua,this:&mut Instance,new_parent:Option<Instance>)->mlua::Result<()>{
+			let parent_ref=new_parent.map_or(Ref::none(),|instance|instance.referent);
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				dom.transfer_within(this.referent,parent.referent);
+				dom.transfer_within(this.referent,parent_ref);
 				Ok(())
 			})
-		});
+		}
+		fields.add_field_method_set("parent",set_parent);
+		fields.add_field_method_set("Parent",set_parent);
 		fields.add_field_method_get("Name",|lua,this|{
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				let instance=this.get(dom)?.as_ref();
+				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
 				Ok(instance.name.clone())
 			})
 		});
 		fields.add_field_method_set("Name",|lua,this,val:mlua::String|{
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				let instance=this.get_mut(dom)?.as_mut();
+				let instance=this.get_mut(dom)?;
 				//Why does this need to be cloned?
 				instance.name=val.to_str()?.to_owned();
 				Ok(())
@@ -130,25 +149,41 @@ impl mlua::UserData for InstanceRef{
 		});
 		fields.add_field_method_get("ClassName",|lua,this|{
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				let instance=this.get(dom)?.as_ref();
+				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
 				Ok(instance.class.to_owned())
 			})
 		});
 	}
 	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods:&mut M){
-		methods.add_method("GetChildren",|lua,this,_:()|
+		fn clone(lua:&mlua::Lua,this:&Instance,_:())->mlua::Result<Instance>{
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				let instance=this.get(dom)?.as_ref();
+				let instance_ref=dom.clone_within(this.referent);
+				Ok(Instance::new_unchecked(instance_ref))
+			})
+		}
+		methods.add_method("clone",clone);
+		methods.add_method("Clone",clone);
+		fn get_children(lua:&mlua::Lua,this:&Instance,_:())->mlua::Result<Vec<Instance>>{
+			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
+				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
 				let children:Vec<_>=instance
 					.children()
 					.iter()
 					.copied()
-					.map(InstanceRef::new)
+					.map(Instance::new_unchecked)
 					.collect();
 				Ok(children)
 			})
+		}
+		methods.add_method("children",get_children);
+		methods.add_method("GetChildren",get_children);
+		methods.add_method("GetFullName",|lua,this,()|
+			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
+				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
+				Ok(get_full_name(dom,instance))
+			})
 		);
-		fn ffc(lua:&mlua::Lua,this:&InstanceRef,(name,search_descendants):(mlua::String,Option<bool>))->mlua::Result<Option<InstanceRef>>{
+		fn ffc(lua:&mlua::Lua,this:&Instance,(name,search_descendants):(mlua::String,Option<bool>))->mlua::Result<Option<Instance>>{
 			let name_str=&*name.to_str()?;
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
 				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
@@ -158,7 +193,7 @@ impl mlua::UserData for InstanceRef{
 						false=>find_first_child(dom,instance,name_str),
 					}
 					.map(|instance|
-						InstanceRef::new(instance.as_ref().referent())
+						Instance::new_unchecked(instance.referent())
 					)
 				)
 			})
@@ -168,13 +203,29 @@ impl mlua::UserData for InstanceRef{
 		methods.add_method("FindFirstChildOfClass",|lua,this,(class,search_descendants):(mlua::String,Option<bool>)|{
 			let class_str=&*class.to_str()?;
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
+				let inst=this.get(dom)?;
 				Ok(
 					match search_descendants.unwrap_or(false){
-						true=>find_first_descendant_of_class(dom,this.get(dom)?,class_str),
-						false=>find_first_child_of_class(dom,this.get(dom)?,class_str),
+						true=>find_first_descendant_of_class(dom,inst,class_str),
+						false=>find_first_child_of_class(dom,inst,class_str),
 					}
 					.map(|instance|
-						InstanceRef::new(instance.as_ref().referent())
+						Instance::new_unchecked(instance.referent())
+					)
+				)
+			})
+		});
+		methods.add_method("FindFirstChildWhichIsA",|lua,this,(class,search_descendants):(mlua::String,Option<bool>)|{
+			let class_str=&*class.to_str()?;
+			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
+				let inst=this.get(dom)?;
+				Ok(
+					match search_descendants.unwrap_or(false){
+						true=>find_first_descendant_which_is_a(dom,inst,class_str),
+						false=>find_first_child_which_is_a(dom,inst,class_str),
+					}
+					.map(|instance|
+						Instance::new_unchecked(instance.referent())
 					)
 				)
 			})
@@ -184,58 +235,83 @@ impl mlua::UserData for InstanceRef{
 				let children:Vec<_>=dom
 					.descendants_of(this.referent)
 					.map(|instance|
-						InstanceRef::new(instance.as_ref().referent())
+						Instance::new_unchecked(instance.referent())
 					)
 					.collect();
 				Ok(children)
 			})
 		);
-		methods.add_method("IsA",|lua,this,classname:mlua::String|
+		methods.add_method("IsAncestorOf",|lua,this,descendant:Instance|
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				let instance=this.get(dom)?.as_ref();
-				Ok(crate::context::class_is_a(instance.class.as_str(),&*classname.to_str()?))
+				let instance=descendant.get(dom)?;
+				Ok(std::iter::successors(Some(instance),|inst|dom.get_by_ref(inst.parent())).any(|inst|inst.referent()==this.referent))
 			})
 		);
-		methods.add_method("Destroy",|lua,this,()|
+		methods.add_method("IsDescendantOf",|lua,this,ancestor:Instance|
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				dom.destroy(this.referent);
+				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
+				Ok(std::iter::successors(Some(instance),|inst|dom.get_by_ref(inst.parent())).any(|inst|inst.referent()==ancestor.referent))
+			})
+		);
+		fn is_a(lua:&mlua::Lua,this:&Instance,classname:mlua::String)->mlua::Result<bool>{
+			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
+				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
+				Ok(class_is_a(instance.class.as_str(),&*classname.to_str()?))
+			})
+		}
+		methods.add_method("isA",is_a);
+		methods.add_method("IsA",is_a);
+		fn destroy(lua:&mlua::Lua,this:&Instance,_:())->mlua::Result<()>{
+			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
+				dom.transfer_within(this.referent,Ref::none());
 				Ok(())
 			})
-		);
-		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::ToString,|lua,this:InstanceRef|{
+		}
+		methods.add_method("remove",destroy);
+		methods.add_method("Remove",destroy);
+		methods.add_method("destroy",destroy);
+		methods.add_method("Destroy",destroy);
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::ToString,|lua,this:Instance|{
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				let instance=this.get(dom)?.as_ref();
+				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
 				Ok(instance.name.clone())
 			})
 		});
-		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Index,|lua,(this,index):(InstanceRef,mlua::String)|{
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Index,|lua,(this,index):(Instance,mlua::String)|{
 			let index_str=&*index.to_str()?;
-			let index_ustr=ustr(index_str);
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
 				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
-				let instance_ref=instance.as_ref();
 				//println!("__index t={} i={index:?}",instance.name);
 				let db=rbx_reflection_database::get();
-				let class=db.classes.get(instance_ref.class.as_str()).ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Class missing"))?;
-				//Find existing property
-				match instance_ref.properties.get(&index_ustr)
-					.cloned()
+				let class=db.classes.get(instance.class.as_str()).ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Class missing"))?;
+				// Find existing property
+				// Interestingly, ustr can know ahead of time if
+				// a property does not exist in any runtime instance
+				match Ustr::from_existing(index_str)
+					.and_then(|index_ustr|
+						instance.properties.get(&index_ustr).cloned()
+					)
 					//Find default value
 					.or_else(||db.find_default_property(class,index_str).cloned())
 					//Find virtual property
 					.or_else(||db.superclasses_iter(class).find_map(|class|
-						find_virtual_property(&instance_ref.properties,class,&index_ustr)
+						find_virtual_property(&instance.properties,class,index_str)
 					))
 				{
+					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Bool(val))=>return val.into_lua(lua),
 					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Int32(val))=>return val.into_lua(lua),
 					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Int64(val))=>return val.into_lua(lua),
 					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Float32(val))=>return val.into_lua(lua),
 					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Float64(val))=>return val.into_lua(lua),
-					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Ref(val))=>return InstanceRef::new(val).into_lua(lua),
-					Some(rbx_types::Variant::CFrame(cf))=>return Into::<crate::runner::cframe::CFrame>::into(cf).into_lua(lua),
-					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Vector3(v))=>return Into::<crate::runner::vector3::Vector3>::into(v).into_lua(lua),
+					Some(rbx_types::Variant::String(val))=>return val.into_lua(lua),
+					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Ref(val))=>return Instance::new_unchecked(val).into_lua(lua),
+					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Enum(e))=>return crate::runner::r#enum::EnumItem::from(e).into_lua(lua),
+					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Color3(c))=>return crate::runner::color3::Color3::from(c).into_lua(lua),
+					Some(rbx_types::Variant::CFrame(cf))=>return crate::runner::cframe::CFrame::from(cf).into_lua(lua),
+					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Vector2(v))=>return crate::runner::vector2::Vector2::from(v).into_lua(lua),
+					Some(rbx_types::Variant::Vector3(v))=>return crate::runner::vector3::Vector3::from(v).into_lua(lua),
 					None=>(),
-					other=>return Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Instance.__index Unsupported property type instance={} index={index_str} value={other:?}",instance_ref.name))),
+					other=>return Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Instance.__index Unsupported property type instance={} index={index_str} value={other:?}",instance.name))),
 				}
 				//find a function with a matching name
 				if let Some(function)=class_methods_store_mut(lua,|cf|{
@@ -250,23 +326,21 @@ impl mlua::UserData for InstanceRef{
 
 				//find or create an associated userdata object
 				let instance=this.get_mut(dom)?;
-				if let Some(value)=instance.get_or_create_userdata(lua,index_ustr)?{
+				if let Some(value)=get_or_create_userdata(instance,lua,index_str)?{
 					return value.into_lua(lua);
 				}
 				// drop mutable borrow
 				//find a child with a matching name
 				let instance=this.get(dom)?;
 				find_first_child(dom,instance,index_str)
-				.map(|instance|InstanceRef::new(instance.as_ref().referent()))
+				.map(|instance|Instance::new_unchecked(instance.referent()))
 				.into_lua(lua)
 			})
 		});
-		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::NewIndex,|lua,(this,index,value):(InstanceRef,mlua::String,mlua::Value)|{
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::NewIndex,|lua,(this,index,value):(Instance,mlua::String,mlua::Value)|{
+			let index_str=&*index.to_str()?;
 			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				let instance=this.get_mut(dom)?.as_mut();
-				//println!("__newindex t={} i={index:?} v={value:?}",instance.name);
-				let index_str=&*index.to_str()?;
-				let index_ustr=ustr(index_str);
+				let instance=this.get_mut(dom)?;
 				let db=rbx_reflection_database::get();
 				let class=db.classes.get(instance.class.as_str()).ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Class missing"))?;
 				let property=db.superclasses_iter(class).find_map(|cls|
@@ -274,53 +348,91 @@ impl mlua::UserData for InstanceRef{
 				).ok_or_else(||
 					mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Property '{index_str}' missing on class '{}'",class.name))
 				)?;
-				match &property.data_type{
-					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::Vector3)=>{
-						let typed_value:Vector3=*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected Userdata"))?.borrow()?;
-						instance.properties.insert(index_ustr,rbx_types::Variant::Vector3(typed_value.into()));
-					},
+				let value=match &property.data_type{
 					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::Float32)=>{
-						let typed_value:f32=coerce_float32(&value).ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected f32"))?;
-						instance.properties.insert(index_ustr,rbx_types::Variant::Float32(typed_value));
+						let typed_value=Number::from_lua(value.clone(),lua)?.to_f32();
+						rbx_types::Variant::Float32(typed_value)
 					},
 					rbx_reflection::DataType::Enum(enum_name)=>{
 						let typed_value=match &value{
 							&mlua::Value::Integer(int)=>Ok(rbx_types::Enum::from_u32(int as u32)),
 							&mlua::Value::Number(num)=>Ok(rbx_types::Enum::from_u32(num as u32)),
 							mlua::Value::String(s)=>{
-								let e=db.enums.get(enum_name).ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Database DataType Enum name  does not exist"))?;
+								let e=db.enums.get(enum_name).ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Database DataType Enum name does not exist"))?;
 								Ok(rbx_types::Enum::from_u32(*e.items.get(&*s.to_str()?).ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Invalid enum item"))?))
 							},
 							mlua::Value::UserData(any_user_data)=>{
-								let e:crate::runner::r#enum::Enum=*any_user_data.borrow()?;
+								let e:crate::runner::r#enum::EnumItem=*any_user_data.borrow()?;
 								Ok(e.into())
 							},
 							_=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime("Expected Enum")),
 						}?;
-						instance.properties.insert(index_ustr,rbx_types::Variant::Enum(typed_value));
+						rbx_types::Variant::Enum(typed_value)
 					},
 					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::Color3)=>{
 						let typed_value:crate::runner::color3::Color3=*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected Color3"))?.borrow()?;
-						instance.properties.insert(index_ustr,rbx_types::Variant::Color3(typed_value.into()));
+						rbx_types::Variant::Color3(typed_value.into())
 					},
 					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::Bool)=>{
 						let typed_value=value.as_boolean().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected boolean"))?;
-						instance.properties.insert(index_ustr,rbx_types::Variant::Bool(typed_value));
+						rbx_types::Variant::Bool(typed_value)
+					},
+					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::Int32)=>{
+						let typed_value=value.as_i32().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected Int32"))?;
+						rbx_types::Variant::Int32(typed_value)
 					},
 					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::String)=>{
-						let typed_value=value.as_str().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected boolean"))?;
-						instance.properties.insert(index_ustr,rbx_types::Variant::String(typed_value.to_owned()));
+						let typed_value=match &value{
+							mlua::Value::Integer(i)=>i.to_string(),
+							mlua::Value::Number(n)=>n.to_string(),
+							mlua::Value::String(s)=>s.to_str()?.to_owned(),
+							_=>return Err(mlua::Error::runtime("Expected string")),
+						};
+						rbx_types::Variant::String(typed_value)
+					},
+					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::UDim2)=>{
+						let typed_value:&crate::runner::udim2::UDim2=&*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected UDim2"))?.borrow()?;
+						rbx_types::Variant::UDim2(typed_value.clone().into())
+					},
+					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::NumberRange)=>{
+						let typed_value:&crate::runner::number_range::NumberRange=&*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected NumberRange"))?.borrow()?;
+						rbx_types::Variant::NumberRange(typed_value.clone().into())
 					},
 					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::NumberSequence)=>{
-						let typed_value:crate::runner::number_sequence::NumberSequence=*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected NumberSequence"))?.borrow()?;
-						instance.properties.insert(index_ustr,rbx_types::Variant::NumberSequence(typed_value.into()));
+						let typed_value:&crate::runner::number_sequence::NumberSequence=&*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected NumberSequence"))?.borrow()?;
+						rbx_types::Variant::NumberSequence(typed_value.clone().into())
 					},
 					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::ColorSequence)=>{
-						let typed_value:crate::runner::color_sequence::ColorSequence=*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected ColorSequence"))?.borrow()?;
-						instance.properties.insert(index_ustr,rbx_types::Variant::ColorSequence(typed_value.into()));
+						let typed_value:&crate::runner::color_sequence::ColorSequence=&*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected ColorSequence"))?.borrow()?;
+						rbx_types::Variant::ColorSequence(typed_value.clone().into())
+					},
+					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::Vector2)=>{
+						let typed_value:crate::runner::vector2::Vector2=*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected Vector2"))?.borrow()?;
+						rbx_types::Variant::Vector2(typed_value.clone().into())
+					},
+					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::Vector3)=>{
+						let typed_value:crate::runner::vector3::Vector3=*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected Vector3"))?.borrow()?;
+						rbx_types::Variant::Vector3(typed_value.clone().into())
+					},
+					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::CFrame)=>{
+						let typed_value:crate::runner::cframe::CFrame=*value.as_userdata().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected CFrame"))?.borrow()?;
+						rbx_types::Variant::CFrame(typed_value.clone().into())
+					},
+					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::ContentId)=>{
+						let typed_value=value.as_str().ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("Expected string"))?.to_owned();
+						rbx_types::Variant::ContentId(typed_value.into())
+					},
+					rbx_reflection::DataType::Value(rbx_types::VariantType::Ref)=>{
+						// why clone?
+						let typed_value=Option::<Instance>::from_lua(value.clone(),lua)?;
+						rbx_types::Variant::Ref(typed_value.map_or(Ref::none(),|instance|instance.referent))
 					},
 					other=>return Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Unimplemented property type: {other:?}"))),
-				}
+				};
+				// the index is known to be a real property at this point
+				// allow creating a permanent ustr (memory leak)
+				let index_ustr=rbx_dom_weak::ustr(index_str);
+				instance.properties.insert(index_ustr,value);
 				Ok(())
 			})
 		});
@@ -331,7 +443,7 @@ impl mlua::UserData for InstanceRef{
 macro_rules! cf{
 	($f:expr)=>{
 		|lua,mut args|{
-			let this=InstanceRef::from_lua(args.pop_front().unwrap_or(mlua::Value::Nil),lua)?;
+			let this=Instance::from_lua(args.pop_front().unwrap_or(mlua::Value::Nil),lua)?;
 			$f(lua,this,FromLuaMulti::from_lua_multi(args,lua)?)?.into_lua_multi(lua)
 		}
 	};
@@ -345,28 +457,53 @@ type CFD=phf::Map<&'static str,// Class name
 		ClassFunctionPointer
 	>
 >;
+const GET_SERVICE:ClassFunctionPointer=cf!(|lua,_this,service:mlua::String|{
+	dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
+		//dom.root_ref()==this.referent ?
+		let service=&*service.to_str()?;
+		match service{
+			"Lighting"|"RunService"|"Players"|"Workspace"|"MaterialService"|"TweenService"=>{
+				let referent=find_first_child_of_class(dom,dom.root(),service)
+				.map(|instance|instance.referent())
+				.unwrap_or_else(||
+					dom.insert(dom.root_ref(),InstanceBuilder::new(service))
+				);
+				Ok(Instance::new_unchecked(referent))
+			},
+			other=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Service '{other}' not supported"))),
+		}
+	})
+});
+const GET_PLAYERS:ClassFunctionPointer=cf!(|_lua,_this,()|->mlua::Result<_>{
+	Ok(Vec::<Instance>::new())
+});
+const NO_OP:ClassFunctionPointer=cf!(|_lua,_this,_:mlua::MultiValue|->mlua::Result<_>{Ok(())});
 static CLASS_FUNCTION_DATABASE:CFD=phf::phf_map!{
 	"DataModel"=>phf::phf_map!{
-		"GetService"=>cf!(|lua,_this,service:mlua::String|{
-			dom_mut(lua,|dom|{
-				//dom.root_ref()==this.referent ?
-				let service=&*service.to_str()?;
-				match service{
-					"Lighting"|"RunService"=>{
-						let referent=find_first_child_of_class(dom,dom.root(),service)
-        				.map(|instance|instance.as_ref().referent())
-						.unwrap_or_else(||
-							dom.insert(dom.root_ref(),InstanceBuilder::new(service))
-						);
-						Ok(InstanceRef::new(referent))
-					},
-					other=>Err::<InstanceRef,_>(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Service '{other}' not supported"))),
-				}
-			})
-		}),
+		"service"=>GET_SERVICE,
+		"GetService"=>GET_SERVICE,
 	},
 	"Terrain"=>phf::phf_map!{
-		"FillBlock"=>cf!(|_lua,_,_:(crate::runner::cframe::CFrame,Vector3,crate::runner::r#enum::Enum)|mlua::Result::Ok(()))
+		"FillBall"=>cf!(|_lua,_,_:(Vector3,Number,crate::runner::r#enum::CoerceEnum)|mlua::Result::Ok(())),
+		"FillBlock"=>cf!(|_lua,_,_:(crate::runner::cframe::CFrame,Vector3,crate::runner::r#enum::CoerceEnum)|mlua::Result::Ok(())),
+		"FillCylinder"=>cf!(|_lua,_,_:(crate::runner::cframe::CFrame,Number,Number,crate::runner::r#enum::CoerceEnum)|mlua::Result::Ok(())),
+		"SetMaterialColor"=>cf!(|_lua,_,_:(crate::runner::r#enum::CoerceEnum,crate::runner::color3::Color3)|mlua::Result::Ok(())),
+	},
+	"Players"=>phf::phf_map!{
+		"players"=>GET_PLAYERS,
+		"GetPlayers"=>GET_PLAYERS,
+	},
+	"Sound"=>phf::phf_map!{
+		"Play"=>NO_OP,
+	},
+	"TweenService"=>phf::phf_map!{
+		"Create"=>cf!(|_lua,_,(instance,tween_info,goal):(Instance,crate::runner::tween_info::TweenInfo,mlua::Table)|->mlua::Result<_>{
+			Ok(crate::runner::tween::Tween::create(
+				instance,
+				tween_info,
+				goal,
+			))
+		}),
 	},
 };
 
@@ -455,15 +592,68 @@ static VIRTUAL_PROPERTY_DATABASE:VPD=phf::phf_map!{
 fn find_virtual_property(
 	properties:&rbx_dom_weak::UstrMap<rbx_types::Variant>,
 	class:&rbx_reflection::ClassDescriptor,
-	index:&Ustr,
+	index:&str,
 )->Option<rbx_types::Variant>{
 	//Find virtual property
 	let class_virtual_properties=VIRTUAL_PROPERTY_DATABASE.get(&class.name)?;
 	let virtual_property=class_virtual_properties.get(index)?;
 
 	//Get source property
-	let variant=properties.get(&ustr(virtual_property.property))?;
+	let variant=properties.get(&static_ustr(virtual_property.property))?;
 
 	//Transform Source property with provided function
 	(virtual_property.pointer)(variant)
 }
+
+// lazy-loaded per-instance userdata values
+type CreateUserData=fn(&mlua::Lua)->mlua::Result<mlua::AnyUserData>;
+type LUD=phf::Map<&'static str,// Class name
+	phf::Map<&'static str,// Value name
+		CreateUserData
+	>
+>;
+fn create_script_signal(lua:&mlua::Lua)->mlua::Result<mlua::AnyUserData>{
+	lua.create_any_userdata(crate::runner::script_signal::ScriptSignal::new())
+}
+static LAZY_USER_DATA:LUD=phf::phf_map!{
+	"RunService"=>phf::phf_map!{
+		"Stepped"=>create_script_signal,
+		"Heartbeat"=>create_script_signal,
+		"RenderStepped"=>create_script_signal,
+	},
+	"Players"=>phf::phf_map!{
+		"PlayerAdded"=>create_script_signal,
+	},
+	"BasePart"=>phf::phf_map!{
+		"Touched"=>create_script_signal,
+		"TouchEnded"=>create_script_signal,
+	},
+	"Instance"=>phf::phf_map!{
+		"ChildAdded"=>create_script_signal,
+		"ChildRemoved"=>create_script_signal,
+		"DescendantAdded"=>create_script_signal,
+		"DescendantRemoved"=>create_script_signal,
+	},
+	"ClickDetector"=>phf::phf_map!{
+		"MouseClick"=>create_script_signal,
+	},
+};
+fn get_or_create_userdata(instance:&mut rbx_dom_weak::Instance,lua:&mlua::Lua,index:&str)->mlua::Result<Option<mlua::AnyUserData>>{
+	use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
+	let db=rbx_reflection_database::get();
+	let Some(class)=db.classes.get(instance.class.as_str())else{
+		return Ok(None)
+	};
+	if let Some((&static_str,create_userdata))=db.superclasses_iter(class).find_map(|superclass|
+		// find pair (class,index)
+		LAZY_USER_DATA.get(&superclass.name)
+		.and_then(|map|map.get_entry(index))
+	){
+		let index_ustr=static_ustr(static_str);
+		return Ok(Some(match instance.userdata.entry(index_ustr){
+			Entry::Occupied(entry)=>entry.get().clone(),
+			Entry::Vacant(entry)=>entry.insert(create_userdata(lua)?).clone(),
+		}));
+	}
+	Ok(None)
+}

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/instance/mod.rs

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 pub mod instance;
-pub use instance::InstanceRef;
+pub use instance::Instance;

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/macros.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,18 @@ macro_rules! type_from_lua_userdata{
 		}
 	};
 }
+macro_rules! type_from_lua_userdata_clone{
+	($ty:ident)=>{
+		impl mlua::FromLua for $ty{
+			fn from_lua(value:mlua::Value,_lua:&mlua::Lua)->Result<Self,mlua::Error>{
+				match value{
+					mlua::Value::UserData(ud)=>Ok(ud.borrow::<Self>()?.clone()),
+					other=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Expected {} got {:?}",stringify!($ty),other))),
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+}
 macro_rules! type_from_lua_userdata_lua_lifetime{
 	($ty:ident)=>{
 		impl mlua::FromLua for $ty<'static>{

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/mod.rs

@@ -3,11 +3,20 @@ mod macros;
 mod runner;
 
 mod r#enum;
+mod task;
+mod udim;
+mod tween;
+mod udim2;
 mod color3;
 mod cframe;
+mod number;
+mod vector2;
 mod vector3;
+mod brickcolor;
+mod tween_info;
 pub mod instance;
-pub mod script_signal;
+mod number_range;
+mod script_signal;
 mod color_sequence;
 mod number_sequence;
 

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/number.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// the goal of this module is to provide an intermediate type
+// that is guaranteed to be some kind of number, and provide
+// methods to coerce it into various more specific types.
+
+#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
+pub enum Number{
+	Integer(i32),
+	Number(f64),
+}
+macro_rules! impl_ty{
+	($ident:ident,$ty:ty)=>{
+		impl Number{
+			#[inline]
+			pub fn $ident(self)->$ty{
+				match self{
+					Self::Integer(int)=>int as $ty,
+					Self::Number(num)=>num as $ty,
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		impl From<Number> for $ty{
+			fn from(value:Number)->$ty{
+				value.$ident()
+			}
+		}
+	};
+}
+impl_ty!(to_u32,u32);
+impl_ty!(to_i32,i32);
+impl_ty!(to_f32,f32);
+impl_ty!(to_u64,u64);
+impl_ty!(to_i64,i64);
+impl_ty!(to_f64,f64);
+
+impl mlua::FromLua for Number{
+	fn from_lua(value:mlua::Value,_lua:&mlua::Lua)->Result<Self,mlua::Error>{
+		match value{
+			mlua::Value::Integer(int)=>Ok(Number::Integer(int)),
+			mlua::Value::Number(num)=>Ok(Number::Number(num)),
+			other=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Expected {} got {:?}",stringify!(Number),other))),
+		}
+	}
+}

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/number_range.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+use super::number::Number;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct NumberRange(rbx_types::NumberRange);
+impl NumberRange{
+	pub const fn new(min:f32,max:f32)->Self{
+		Self(rbx_types::NumberRange{min,max})
+	}
+}
+impl From<NumberRange> for rbx_types::NumberRange{
+	fn from(NumberRange(value):NumberRange)->rbx_types::NumberRange{
+		value
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
+
+	table.raw_set("new",
+		lua.create_function(|_,(min,max):(Number,Option<Number>)|{
+			Ok(match max{
+				Some(max)=>NumberRange::new(min.into(),max.into()),
+				None=>NumberRange::new(min.into(),min.into()),
+			})
+		})?
+	)?;
+
+	globals.set("NumberRange",table)?;
+
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+impl mlua::UserData for NumberRange{}
+type_from_lua_userdata_clone!(NumberRange);

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/number_sequence.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,36 @@
-#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
-pub struct NumberSequence{}
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct NumberSequence(rbx_types::NumberSequence);
 impl NumberSequence{
-	pub const fn new()->Self{
-		Self{}
+	pub const fn new(keypoints:Vec<rbx_types::NumberSequenceKeypoint>)->Self{
+		Self(rbx_types::NumberSequence{keypoints})
 	}
 }
-impl Into<rbx_types::NumberSequence> for NumberSequence{
-	fn into(self)->rbx_types::NumberSequence{
-		rbx_types::NumberSequence{
-			keypoints:Vec::new()
-		}
+impl From<NumberSequence> for rbx_types::NumberSequence{
+	fn from(NumberSequence(value):NumberSequence)->rbx_types::NumberSequence{
+		value
 	}
 }
 
 pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
-	let number_sequence_table=lua.create_table()?;
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
 
-	number_sequence_table.raw_set("new",
+	table.raw_set("new",
 		lua.create_function(|_,_:mlua::MultiValue|
-			Ok(NumberSequence::new())
+			Ok(NumberSequence::new(Vec::new()))
 		)?
 	)?;
 
-	globals.set("NumberSequence",number_sequence_table)?;
+	globals.set("NumberSequence",table)?;
 
 	Ok(())
 }
 
 impl mlua::UserData for NumberSequence{}
-type_from_lua_userdata!(NumberSequence);
+impl mlua::FromLua for NumberSequence{
+	fn from_lua(value:mlua::Value,_lua:&mlua::Lua)->Result<Self,mlua::Error>{
+		match value{
+			mlua::Value::UserData(ud)=>Ok(ud.borrow::<Self>()?.clone()),
+			other=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Expected {} got {:?}",stringify!(NumberSequence),other))),
+		}
+	}
+}

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/runner.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::context::Context;
+use crate::util::static_ustr;
 #[cfg(feature="run-service")]
 use crate::scheduler::scheduler_mut;
-use crate::types::WeakDom;
 
 pub struct Runner{
 	lua:mlua::Lua,
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub enum Error{
 		error:mlua::Error
 	},
 	RustLua(mlua::Error),
-	NoServices,
+	Services(crate::context::ServicesError),
 }
 impl std::fmt::Display for Error{
 	fn fmt(&self,f:&mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>)->std::fmt::Result{
@@ -32,14 +32,19 @@ fn init(lua:&mlua::Lua)->mlua::Result<()>{
 	//global environment
 	let globals=lua.globals();
 
-	#[cfg(feature="run-service")]
-	crate::scheduler::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
+	super::task::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
 	super::script_signal::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
 	super::r#enum::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
+	super::udim::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
+	super::udim2::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
 	super::color3::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
+	super::brickcolor::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
+	super::vector2::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
 	super::vector3::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
 	super::cframe::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
 	super::instance::instance::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
+	super::tween_info::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
+	super::number_range::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
 	super::number_sequence::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
 	super::color_sequence::set_globals(lua,&globals)?;
 
@@ -55,22 +60,21 @@ impl Runner{
 		Ok(runner)
 	}
 	pub fn runnable_context<'a>(self,context:&'a mut Context)->Result<Runnable<'a>,Error>{
-		let services=context.find_services().ok_or(Error::NoServices)?;
-		self.runnable_context_with_services(context,&services)
-	}
-	pub fn runnable_context_with_services<'a>(self,context:&'a mut Context,services:&crate::context::Services)->Result<Runnable<'a>,Error>{
 		{
 			let globals=self.lua.globals();
-			globals.set("game",super::instance::InstanceRef::new(services.game)).map_err(Error::RustLua)?;
-			globals.set("workspace",super::instance::InstanceRef::new(services.workspace)).map_err(Error::RustLua)?;
+			globals.set("game",super::instance::Instance::new_unchecked(context.services.game)).map_err(Error::RustLua)?;
+			globals.set("workspace",super::instance::Instance::new_unchecked(context.services.workspace)).map_err(Error::RustLua)?;
 		}
-		//this makes set_app_data shut up about the lifetime
-		self.lua.set_app_data::<&'static mut WeakDom>(unsafe{core::mem::transmute(&mut context.dom)});
+		// SAFETY: This is not a &'static mut WeakDom,
+		// but as long as Runnable<'a> holds the lifetime of &'a mut Context
+		// it is a valid unique reference.
+		let ptr=&mut context.dom as *mut rbx_dom_weak::WeakDom;
+		self.lua.set_app_data::<crate::context::LuaAppData>(unsafe{&mut*ptr});
 		#[cfg(feature="run-service")]
 		self.lua.set_app_data::<crate::scheduler::Scheduler>(crate::scheduler::Scheduler::default());
 		Ok(Runnable{
 			lua:self.lua,
-			_lifetime:&std::marker::PhantomData
+			_lifetime:std::marker::PhantomData
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -78,18 +82,18 @@ impl Runner{
 //Runnable is the same thing but has context set, which it holds the lifetime for.
 pub struct Runnable<'a>{
 	lua:mlua::Lua,
-	_lifetime:&'a std::marker::PhantomData<()>
+	_lifetime:std::marker::PhantomData<&'a ()>
 }
 impl Runnable<'_>{
 	pub fn drop_context(self)->Runner{
-		self.lua.remove_app_data::<&'static mut WeakDom>();
+		self.lua.remove_app_data::<crate::context::LuaAppData>();
 		#[cfg(feature="run-service")]
 		self.lua.remove_app_data::<crate::scheduler::Scheduler>();
 		Runner{
 			lua:self.lua,
 		}
 	}
-	pub fn run_script(&self,script:super::instance::InstanceRef)->Result<(),Error>{
+	pub fn run_script(&self,script:super::instance::Instance)->Result<(),Error>{
 		let (name,source)=super::instance::instance::get_name_source(&self.lua,script).map_err(Error::RustLua)?;
 		self.lua.globals().raw_set("script",script).map_err(Error::RustLua)?;
 		let f=self.lua.load(source.as_str())
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ impl Runnable<'_>{
 	pub fn run_service_step(&self)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
 		let render_stepped_signal=super::instance::instance::dom_mut(&self.lua,|dom|{
 			let run_service=super::instance::instance::find_first_child_of_class(dom,dom.root(),"RunService").ok_or_else(||mlua::Error::runtime("RunService missing"))?;
-			Ok(match run_service.userdata.get(&rbx_dom_weak::ustr("RenderStepped")){
+			Ok(match run_service.userdata.get(&static_ustr("RenderStepped")){
 				Some(render_stepped)=>Some(render_stepped.borrow::<super::script_signal::ScriptSignal>()?.clone()),
 				None=>None
 			})

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/script_signal.rs

@@ -98,12 +98,9 @@ impl ScriptConnection{
 
 impl mlua::UserData for ScriptSignal{
 	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods:&mut M){
-		methods.add_method("Connect",|_lua,this,f:mlua::Function|
-			Ok(this.connect(f))
-		);
-		methods.add_method("Once",|_lua,this,f:mlua::Function|
-			Ok(this.once(f))
-		);
+		methods.add_method("connect",|_lua,this,f:mlua::Function|Ok(this.connect(f)));
+		methods.add_method("Connect",|_lua,this,f:mlua::Function|Ok(this.connect(f)));
+		methods.add_method("Once",|_lua,this,f:mlua::Function|Ok(this.once(f)));
 		// Fire is not allowed to be called from Lua
 		// methods.add_method("Fire",|_lua,this,args:mlua::MultiValue|
 		// 	Ok(this.fire(args))
@@ -164,6 +161,7 @@ pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
 	.call::<mlua::Function>(())?;
 
 	lua.register_userdata_type::<ScriptSignal>(|reg|{
+		reg.add_field("wait",wait.clone());
 		reg.add_field("Wait",wait);
 		mlua::UserData::register(reg);
 	})?;

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/task.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#[cfg(not(feature="run-service"))]
+fn no_op(_lua:&mlua::Lua,_time:Option<super::number::Number>)->mlua::Result<f64>{
+	Ok(0.0)
+}
+fn tick(_lua:&mlua::Lua,_:())->mlua::Result<f64>{
+	Ok(0.0)
+}
+// This is used to avoid calling coroutine.yield from the rust side.
+const LUA_WAIT:&str=
+"local coroutine_yield=coroutine.yield
+local schedule_thread=schedule_thread
+return function(dt)
+	schedule_thread(dt)
+	return coroutine_yield()
+end";
+
+pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
+	let coroutine_table=globals.get::<mlua::Table>("coroutine")?;
+	#[cfg(feature="run-service")]
+	let schedule_thread=lua.create_function(crate::scheduler::schedule_thread)?;
+	#[cfg(not(feature="run-service"))]
+	let schedule_thread=lua.create_function(no_op)?;
+
+	//create wait function environment
+	let wait_env=lua.create_table()?;
+	wait_env.raw_set("coroutine",coroutine_table)?;
+	wait_env.raw_set("schedule_thread",schedule_thread)?;
+
+	//construct wait function from Lua code
+	let wait=lua.load(LUA_WAIT)
+	.set_name("wait")
+	.set_environment(wait_env)
+	.call::<mlua::Function>(())?;
+
+	globals.raw_set("wait",wait)?;
+
+	// TODO: move this somewhere it belongs
+	let tick=lua.create_function(tick)?;
+	globals.raw_set("tick",tick)?;
+
+	Ok(())
+}

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/tween.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use super::instance::Instance;
+use super::tween_info::TweenInfo;
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Tween{
+	instance:Instance,
+	tween_info:TweenInfo,
+	goal:mlua::Table,
+	playback_state:rbx_types::Enum,
+}
+impl Tween{
+	pub fn create(
+		instance:Instance,
+		tween_info:TweenInfo,
+		goal:mlua::Table,
+	)->Self{
+		Self{
+			instance,
+			tween_info,
+			goal,
+			// Enum.PlaybackState.Begin
+			playback_state:rbx_types::Enum::from_u32(0),
+		}
+	}
+	pub fn play(&mut self){
+	}
+}
+
+impl mlua::UserData for Tween{
+	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods:&mut M){
+		methods.add_method_mut("Play",|_,this,()|Ok(this.play()))
+	}
+}
+type_from_lua_userdata_clone!(Tween);

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/tween_info.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+use super::number::Number;
+use super::r#enum::{CoerceEnum,Enums};
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TweenInfo{
+	time:f64,
+	easing_style:rbx_types::Enum,
+	easing_direction:rbx_types::Enum,
+	repeat_count:u32,
+	reverses:bool,
+	delay_time:f64,
+}
+
+pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
+
+	table.raw_set("new",
+		lua.create_function(|_,(time,easing_style,easing_direction,repeat_count,reverses,delay_time):(Option<Number>,Option<CoerceEnum>,Option<CoerceEnum>,Option<u32>,Option<bool>,Option<Number>)|{
+			Ok(TweenInfo{
+				time:time.map_or(1.0,Number::to_f64),
+				easing_style:match easing_style{
+					// Enum.EasingStyle.Quad
+					None=>rbx_types::Enum::from_u32(3),
+					Some(e)=>e.coerce_to(Enums.get("EasingStyle").unwrap())?.into(),
+				},
+				easing_direction:match easing_direction{
+					// Enum.EasingDirection.Out
+					None=>rbx_types::Enum::from_u32(1),
+					Some(e)=>e.coerce_to(Enums.get("EasingDirection").unwrap())?.into(),
+				},
+				repeat_count:repeat_count.unwrap_or(0),
+				reverses:reverses.unwrap_or(false),
+				delay_time:delay_time.map_or(0.0,Number::to_f64),
+			})
+		})?
+	)?;
+
+	globals.set("TweenInfo",table)?;
+
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+impl mlua::UserData for TweenInfo{}
+type_from_lua_userdata_clone!(TweenInfo);

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/udim.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use super::number::Number;
+
+#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
+pub struct UDim(rbx_types::UDim);
+impl UDim{
+	pub fn new(scale:f32,offset:i32)->Self{
+		UDim(rbx_types::UDim::new(scale,offset))
+	}
+}
+impl From<rbx_types::UDim> for UDim{
+	fn from(value:rbx_types::UDim)->Self{
+		Self(value)
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
+
+	table.raw_set("new",
+		lua.create_function(|_,(scale,offset):(Number,i32)|
+			Ok(UDim::new(scale.into(),offset))
+		)?
+	)?;
+
+	globals.set("UDim",table)?;
+
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+impl mlua::UserData for UDim{
+	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields:&mut F){
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Scale",|_,UDim(this)|Ok(this.scale));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Offset",|_,UDim(this)|Ok(this.offset));
+	}
+}
+type_from_lua_userdata!(UDim);

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/udim2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use super::udim::UDim;
+use super::number::Number;
+
+#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
+pub struct UDim2(rbx_types::UDim2);
+impl UDim2{
+	pub fn new(sx:f32,ox:i32,sy:f32,oy:i32)->Self{
+		UDim2(rbx_types::UDim2::new(
+			rbx_types::UDim::new(sx,ox),
+			rbx_types::UDim::new(sy,oy),
+		))
+	}
+}
+impl From<UDim2> for rbx_types::UDim2{
+	fn from(UDim2(value):UDim2)->rbx_types::UDim2{
+		value
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
+
+	table.raw_set("new",
+		lua.create_function(|_,(sx,ox,sy,oy):(Number,i32,Number,i32)|
+			Ok(UDim2::new(sx.into(),ox,sy.into(),oy))
+		)?
+	)?;
+
+	globals.set("UDim2",table)?;
+
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+impl mlua::UserData for UDim2{
+	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields:&mut F){
+		fields.add_field_method_get("X",|_,UDim2(this)|Ok(UDim::from(this.x)));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Y",|_,UDim2(this)|Ok(UDim::from(this.y)));
+	}
+}
+type_from_lua_userdata!(UDim2);

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/vector2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+use mlua::FromLua;
+
+use super::number::Number;
+
+#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
+pub struct Vector2(glam::Vec2);
+
+impl Vector2{
+	pub const fn new(x:f32,y:f32)->Self{
+		Self(glam::vec2(x,y))
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
+
+	//Vector2.new
+	table.raw_set("new",
+		lua.create_function(|_,(x,y):(Option<Number>,Option<Number>)|
+			match (x,y){
+				(Some(x),Some(y))=>Ok(Vector2::new(x.into(),y.into())),
+				(None,None)=>Ok(Vector2(glam::Vec2::ZERO)),
+				_=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime("Unsupported arguments to Vector2.new")),
+			}
+		)?
+	)?;
+
+	globals.set("Vector2",table)?;
+
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+impl From<Vector2> for rbx_types::Vector2{
+	fn from(Vector2(v):Vector2)->rbx_types::Vector2{
+		rbx_types::Vector2::new(v.x,v.y)
+	}
+}
+
+impl From<rbx_types::Vector2> for Vector2{
+	fn from(value:rbx_types::Vector2)->Vector2{
+		Vector2::new(value.x,value.y)
+	}
+}
+
+impl mlua::UserData for Vector2{
+	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields:&mut F){
+		fields.add_field_method_get("magnitude",|_,Vector2(this)|Ok(this.length()));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Magnitude",|_,Vector2(this)|Ok(this.length()));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("unit",|_,Vector2(this)|Ok(Vector2(this.normalize())));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Unit",|_,Vector2(this)|Ok(Vector2(this.normalize())));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("x",|_,Vector2(this)|Ok(this.x));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("X",|_,Vector2(this)|Ok(this.x));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("y",|_,Vector2(this)|Ok(this.y));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Y",|_,Vector2(this)|Ok(this.y));
+	}
+
+	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods:&mut M){
+		//methods.add_method("area",|_,this,()| Ok(this.length * this.width));
+
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Add,|_,(Vector2(this),Vector2(val)):(Self,Self)|Ok(Self(this+val)));
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Sub,|_,(Vector2(this),Vector2(val)):(Self,Self)|Ok(Self(this-val)));
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Mul,|lua,(lhs,rhs):(mlua::Value,mlua::Value)|{
+			match (lhs,rhs){
+				(mlua::Value::UserData(lhs),mlua::Value::UserData(rhs))=>lhs.borrow_scoped(|Vector2(lhs):&Vector2|rhs.borrow_scoped(|Vector2(rhs):&Vector2|Self(lhs*rhs)))?,
+				(lhs,mlua::Value::UserData(rhs))=>{
+					let lhs=Number::from_lua(lhs,lua)?;
+					rhs.borrow_scoped(|Vector2(rhs):&Vector2|Self(lhs.to_f32()*rhs))
+				},
+				(mlua::Value::UserData(lhs),rhs)=>{
+					let rhs=Number::from_lua(rhs,lua)?;
+					lhs.borrow_scoped(|Vector2(lhs):&Vector2|Self(lhs*rhs.to_f32()))
+				},
+				_=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Expected Vector2")))
+			}
+		});
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Div,|_,(Vector2(this),val):(Self,mlua::Value)|{
+			match val{
+				mlua::Value::Integer(n)=>Ok(Self(this/(n as f32))),
+				mlua::Value::Number(n)=>Ok(Self(this/(n as f32))),
+				mlua::Value::UserData(ud)=>ud.borrow_scoped(|Vector2(rhs):&Vector2|Self(this/rhs)),
+				other=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Attempt to divide Vector2 by {other:?}"))),
+			}
+		});
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::ToString,|_,Vector2(this):Self|
+			Ok(format!("Vector2.new({},{})",
+				this.x,
+				this.y,
+			))
+		);
+	}
+}
+
+type_from_lua_userdata!(Vector2);

lib/roblox_emulator/src/runner/vector3.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+use mlua::FromLua;
+
+use super::number::Number;
+
 #[derive(Clone,Copy)]
 pub struct Vector3(pub(crate)glam::Vec3A);
 
@@ -8,23 +12,27 @@ impl Vector3{
 }
 
 pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
-	let vector3_table=lua.create_table()?;
+	let table=lua.create_table()?;
 
 	//Vector3.new
-	vector3_table.raw_set("new",
-		lua.create_function(|_,(x,y,z):(f32,f32,f32)|
-			Ok(Vector3::new(x,y,z))
+	table.raw_set("new",
+		lua.create_function(|_,(x,y,z):(Option<Number>,Option<Number>,Option<Number>)|
+			match (x,y,z){
+				(Some(x),Some(y),Some(z))=>Ok(Vector3::new(x.into(),y.into(),z.into())),
+				(None,None,None)=>Ok(Vector3(glam::Vec3A::ZERO)),
+				_=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime("Unsupported arguments to Vector3.new")),
+			}
 		)?
 	)?;
 
-	globals.set("Vector3",vector3_table)?;
+	globals.set("Vector3",table)?;
 
 	Ok(())
 }
 
-impl Into<rbx_types::Vector3> for Vector3{
-	fn into(self)->rbx_types::Vector3{
-		rbx_types::Vector3::new(self.0.x,self.0.y,self.0.z)
+impl From<Vector3> for rbx_types::Vector3{
+	fn from(Vector3(v):Vector3)->rbx_types::Vector3{
+		rbx_types::Vector3::new(v.x,v.y,v.z)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -36,44 +44,50 @@ impl From<rbx_types::Vector3> for Vector3{
 
 impl mlua::UserData for Vector3{
 	fn add_fields<F:mlua::UserDataFields<Self>>(fields:&mut F){
-		fields.add_field_method_get("magnitude",|_,this|Ok(this.0.length()));
-		fields.add_field_method_get("x",|_,this|Ok(this.0.x));
-		fields.add_field_method_set("x",|_,this,val|{
-			this.0.x=val;
-			Ok(())
-		});
-		fields.add_field_method_get("y",|_,this|Ok(this.0.y));
-		fields.add_field_method_set("y",|_,this,val|{
-			this.0.y=val;
-			Ok(())
-		});
-		fields.add_field_method_get("z",|_,this|Ok(this.0.z));
-		fields.add_field_method_set("z",|_,this,val|{
-			this.0.z=val;
-			Ok(())
-		});
+		fields.add_field_method_get("magnitude",|_,Vector3(this)|Ok(this.length()));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Magnitude",|_,Vector3(this)|Ok(this.length()));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("unit",|_,Vector3(this)|Ok(Vector3(this.normalize())));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Unit",|_,Vector3(this)|Ok(Vector3(this.normalize())));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("x",|_,Vector3(this)|Ok(this.x));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("X",|_,Vector3(this)|Ok(this.x));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("y",|_,Vector3(this)|Ok(this.y));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Y",|_,Vector3(this)|Ok(this.y));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("z",|_,Vector3(this)|Ok(this.z));
+		fields.add_field_method_get("Z",|_,Vector3(this)|Ok(this.z));
 	}
 
 	fn add_methods<M:mlua::UserDataMethods<Self>>(methods:&mut M){
 		//methods.add_method("area",|_,this,()| Ok(this.length * this.width));
 
-		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Add,|_,(this,val):(Self,Self)|Ok(Self(this.0+val.0)));
-		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Div,|_,(this,val):(Self,mlua::Value)|{
-			match val{
-				mlua::Value::Integer(n)=>Ok(Self(this.0/(n as f32))),
-				mlua::Value::Number(n)=>Ok(Self(this.0/(n as f32))),
-				mlua::Value::UserData(ud)=>{
-					let rhs:Vector3=ud.take()?;
-					Ok(Self(this.0/rhs.0))
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Add,|_,(Vector3(this),Vector3(val)):(Self,Self)|Ok(Self(this+val)));
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Sub,|_,(Vector3(this),Vector3(val)):(Self,Self)|Ok(Self(this-val)));
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Mul,|lua,(lhs,rhs):(mlua::Value,mlua::Value)|{
+			match (lhs,rhs){
+				(mlua::Value::UserData(lhs),mlua::Value::UserData(rhs))=>lhs.borrow_scoped(|Vector3(lhs):&Vector3|rhs.borrow_scoped(|Vector3(rhs):&Vector3|Self(lhs*rhs)))?,
+				(lhs,mlua::Value::UserData(rhs))=>{
+					let lhs=Number::from_lua(lhs,lua)?;
+					rhs.borrow_scoped(|Vector3(rhs):&Vector3|Self(lhs.to_f32()*rhs))
 				},
+				(mlua::Value::UserData(lhs),rhs)=>{
+					let rhs=Number::from_lua(rhs,lua)?;
+					lhs.borrow_scoped(|Vector3(lhs):&Vector3|Self(lhs*rhs.to_f32()))
+				},
+				_=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Expected Vector3")))
+			}
+		});
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::Div,|_,(Vector3(this),val):(Self,mlua::Value)|{
+			match val{
+				mlua::Value::Integer(n)=>Ok(Self(this/(n as f32))),
+				mlua::Value::Number(n)=>Ok(Self(this/(n as f32))),
+				mlua::Value::UserData(ud)=>ud.borrow_scoped(|Vector3(rhs):&Vector3|Self(this/rhs)),
 				other=>Err(mlua::Error::runtime(format!("Attempt to divide Vector3 by {other:?}"))),
 			}
 		});
-		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::ToString,|_,this:Self|
+		methods.add_meta_function(mlua::MetaMethod::ToString,|_,Vector3(this):Self|
 			Ok(format!("Vector3.new({},{},{})",
-				this.0.x,
-				this.0.y,
-				this.0.z,
+				this.x,
+				this.y,
+				this.z,
 			))
 		);
 	}

lib/roblox_emulator/src/scheduler.rs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub fn scheduler_mut<T>(lua:&mlua::Lua,mut f:impl FnMut(&mut crate::scheduler::S
 	f(&mut *scheduler)
 }
 
-fn schedule_thread(lua:&mlua::Lua,dt:mlua::Value)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
+pub fn schedule_thread(lua:&mlua::Lua,dt:mlua::Value)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
 	let delay=match dt{
 		mlua::Value::Integer(i)=>i.max(0) as u64*60,
 		mlua::Value::Number(f)=>{
@@ -75,32 +75,3 @@ fn schedule_thread(lua:&mlua::Lua,dt:mlua::Value)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
 		Ok(())
 	})
 }
-
-// This is used to avoid calling coroutine.yield from the rust side.
-const LUA_WAIT:&str=
-"local coroutine_yield=coroutine.yield
-local schedule_thread=schedule_thread
-return function(dt)
-	schedule_thread(dt)
-	return coroutine_yield()
-end";
-
-pub fn set_globals(lua:&mlua::Lua,globals:&mlua::Table)->Result<(),mlua::Error>{
-	let coroutine_table=globals.get::<mlua::Table>("coroutine")?;
-	let schedule_thread=lua.create_function(schedule_thread)?;
-
-	//create wait function environment
-	let wait_env=lua.create_table()?;
-	wait_env.raw_set("coroutine",coroutine_table)?;
-	wait_env.raw_set("schedule_thread",schedule_thread)?;
-
-	//construct wait function from Lua code
-	let wait=lua.load(LUA_WAIT)
-	.set_name("wait")
-	.set_environment(wait_env)
-	.call::<mlua::Function>(())?;
-
-	globals.raw_set("wait",wait)?;
-
-	Ok(())
-}

lib/roblox_emulator/src/types.rs

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-pub struct Instance{
-	pub(crate) instance:rbx_dom_weak::Instance,
-	pub(crate) userdata:rbx_dom_weak::UstrMap<mlua::AnyUserData>,
-}
-impl AsRef<rbx_dom_weak::Instance> for Instance{
-	fn as_ref(&self)->&rbx_dom_weak::Instance{
-		&self.instance
-	}
-}
-impl AsMut<rbx_dom_weak::Instance> for Instance{
-	fn as_mut(&mut self)->&mut rbx_dom_weak::Instance{
-		&mut self.instance
-	}
-}
-impl From<Instance> for rbx_dom_weak::Instance{
-	fn from(instance:Instance)->Self{
-		instance.instance
-	}
-}
-impl From<rbx_dom_weak::Instance> for Instance{
-	fn from(instance:rbx_dom_weak::Instance)->Self{
-		Self{
-			instance,
-			userdata:Default::default(),
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-pub type WeakDom=rbx_dom_weak::GenericWeakDom<Instance>;
-
-// lazy-loaded per-instance userdata values
-type CreateUserData=fn(&mlua::Lua)->mlua::Result<mlua::AnyUserData>;
-type LUD=phf::Map<&'static str,// Class name
-	phf::Map<&'static str,// Value name
-		CreateUserData
-	>
->;
-static LAZY_USER_DATA:LUD=phf::phf_map!{
-	"RunService"=>phf::phf_map!{
-		"RenderStepped"=>|lua|lua.create_any_userdata(crate::runner::script_signal::ScriptSignal::new()),
-	},
-};
-impl Instance{
-	pub fn get_or_create_userdata(&mut self,lua:&mlua::Lua,index:rbx_dom_weak::Ustr)->mlua::Result<Option<mlua::AnyUserData>>{
-		use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
-		Ok(match LAZY_USER_DATA.get(self.instance.class.as_str()){
-			Some(userdata_map)=>match self.userdata.entry(index){
-				Entry::Occupied(entry)=>Some(entry.get().clone()),
-				Entry::Vacant(entry)=>match userdata_map.get(index.as_str()){
-					Some(create_userdata)=>Some(entry.insert(create_userdata(lua)?).clone()),
-					None=>None,
-				},
-			},
-			None=>None,
-		})
-	}
-}

lib/roblox_emulator/src/util.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub fn static_ustr(s:&'static str)->rbx_dom_weak::Ustr{
+	rbx_dom_weak::ustr(s)
+}

lib/snf/src/newtypes/integer.rs

@@ -56,8 +56,6 @@ impl From<strafesnet_common::integer::Ratio64Vec2> for Ratio64Vec2{
 	}
 }
 
-pub type Angle32=i32;
 pub type Planar64=i64;
 pub type Planar64Vec3=[i64;3];
-pub type Planar64Mat3=[i64;9];
 pub type Planar64Affine3=[i64;12];

map-tool/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ image = "0.25.2"
 image_dds = "0.7.1"
 lazy-regex = "3.1.0"
 rbx_asset = { version = "0.4.4", registry = "strafesnet" }
-rbx_binary  = { version = "1.1.0-sn3", registry = "strafesnet"}
-rbx_dom_weak =  { version = "3.1.0-sn1", registry = "strafesnet"}
+rbx_binary  = { version = "1.1.0-sn4", registry = "strafesnet" }
+rbx_dom_weak =  { version = "3.1.0-sn4", registry = "strafesnet" }
 rbx_reflection_database = "1.0.0"
-rbx_xml = { version = "1.1.0-sn3", registry = "strafesnet"}
+rbx_xml = { version = "1.1.0-sn4", registry = "strafesnet" }
 rbxassetid = { version = "0.1.0", registry = "strafesnet" }
 strafesnet_bsp_loader = { version = "0.3.0", path = "../lib/bsp_loader", registry = "strafesnet" }
 strafesnet_deferred_loader = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../lib/deferred_loader", registry = "strafesnet" }
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ strafesnet_rbx_loader = { version = "0.6.0", path = "../lib/rbx_loader", registr
 strafesnet_snf = { version = "0.3.0", path = "../lib/snf", registry = "strafesnet" }
 thiserror = "2.0.11"
 tokio = { version = "1.43.0", features = ["macros", "rt-multi-thread", "fs"] }
-vbsp = "0.8.0"
+vbsp = "0.9.1"
 vbsp-entities-css = "0.6.0"
 vmdl = "0.2.0"
 vmt-parser = "0.2.0"

map-tool/src/roblox.rs

@@ -3,11 +3,16 @@ use std::io::{Cursor,Read,Seek};
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use clap::{Args,Subcommand};
 use anyhow::Result as AResult;
-use rbx_dom_weak::{ustr,Instance};
+use rbx_dom_weak::Instance;
 use strafesnet_deferred_loader::deferred_loader::LoadFailureMode;
 use rbxassetid::RobloxAssetId;
 use tokio::io::AsyncReadExt;
 
+// disallow non-static lifetimes
+fn static_ustr(s:&'static str)->rbx_dom_weak::Ustr{
+	rbx_dom_weak::ustr(s)
+}
+
 const DOWNLOAD_LIMIT:usize=16;
 
 #[derive(Subcommand)]
@@ -102,8 +107,8 @@ SurfaceAppearance.RoughnessMapContent
 WrapLayer.ReferenceMeshContent
 */
 
-fn accumulate_content(content_list:&mut HashSet<RobloxAssetId>,object:&Instance,property:&str){
-	let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Content(content))=object.properties.get(&ustr(property))else{
+fn accumulate_content(content_list:&mut HashSet<RobloxAssetId>,object:&Instance,property:&'static str){
+	let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::Content(content))=object.properties.get(&static_ustr(property))else{
 		println!("property={} does not exist for class={}",property,object.class.as_str());
 		return;
 	};
@@ -117,8 +122,8 @@ fn accumulate_content(content_list:&mut HashSet<RobloxAssetId>,object:&Instance,
 	};
 	content_list.insert(asset_id);
 }
-fn accumulate_content_id(content_list:&mut HashSet<RobloxAssetId>,object:&Instance,property:&str){
-	let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::ContentId(content))=object.properties.get(&ustr(property))else{
+fn accumulate_content_id(content_list:&mut HashSet<RobloxAssetId>,object:&Instance,property:&'static str){
+	let Some(rbx_dom_weak::types::Variant::ContentId(content))=object.properties.get(&static_ustr(property))else{
 		println!("property={} does not exist for class={}",property,object.class.as_str());
 		return;
 	};
@@ -144,8 +149,8 @@ impl UniqueAssets{
 	fn collect(&mut self,object:&Instance){
 		match object.class.as_str(){
 			"Beam"=>accumulate_content_id(&mut self.textures,object,"Texture"),
-			"Decal"=>accumulate_content_id(&mut self.textures,object,"Texture"),
-			"Texture"=>accumulate_content_id(&mut self.textures,object,"Texture"),
+			"Decal"=>accumulate_content(&mut self.textures,object,"TextureContent"),
+			"Texture"=>accumulate_content(&mut self.textures,object,"TextureContent"),
 			"FileMesh"=>accumulate_content_id(&mut self.textures,object,"TextureId"),
 			"MeshPart"=>{
 				accumulate_content(&mut self.textures,object,"TextureContent");
@@ -418,7 +423,7 @@ async fn convert_to_snf(path:&Path,output_folder:PathBuf)->AResult<()>{
 		std::io::Cursor::new(entire_file)
 	).map_err(ConvertError::RobloxRead)?;
 
-	let mut place=model.into_place();
+	let mut place=strafesnet_rbx_loader::Place::from(model);
 	place.run_scripts();
 
 	let map=place.to_snf(LoadFailureMode::DefaultToNone).map_err(ConvertError::RobloxLoad)?;

strafe-client/src/file.rs

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub fn load<P:AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path:P)->Result<LoadFormat,LoadError>{
 		ReadFormat::SNFM(map)=>Ok(LoadFormat::Map(map)),
 		#[cfg(feature="roblox")]
 		ReadFormat::Roblox(model)=>{
-			let mut place=model.into_place();
+			let mut place=strafesnet_rbx_loader::Place::from(model);
 			place.run_scripts();
 			Ok(LoadFormat::Map(
 				place.to_snf(LoadFailureMode::DefaultToNone).map_err(LoadError::LoadRoblox)?